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Bagaudae
In the later Roman Empire, bagaudae (also spelled bacaudae) were groups of peasant insurgents who arose during the Crisis of the Third Century, and persisted until the very end of the western Empire, particularly in the less-Romanised areas of Gallia and Hispania, where they were "exposed to the depredations of the late Roman state, and the great landowners and clerics who were its servants".〔J. F. Drinkwater, reviewing Léon, ''Los bagaudas'', in ''The Classical Review'', 1999:287.〕
The invasions, military anarchy and disorders of the third century provided a chaotic and ongoing degradation of the regional power structure within a declining Empire into which the ''bagaudae'' achieved some temporary and scattered successes, under the leadership of members of the underclass as well as former members of local ruling elites.
== Etymology ==
The name probably means "fighters". C.E.V. Nixon〔Nixon,''In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini'' (1994)〕 assesses the ''bagaudae'', from the official Imperial viewpoint, as "bands of brigands who roamed the countryside looting and pillaging". J.C.S. Léon interprets the most completely assembled documentation and identifies the ''bagaudae'' as impoverished local free peasants, reinforced by brigands, runaway slaves and deserters from the legions, who were trying to resist the ruthless labor exploitation of the late Roman proto-feudal manorial and military systems, and all manner of punitive laws and levies in the marginal areas of the Empire.〔 M.-Cl. L'Huillier, "Notes sur la disparition des sanctuaires païens" in Marguerite Garrido-Hory, Antonio Gonzalèz, ''Histoire, espaces et marges de l'antiquité: hommages à Monique Clavel-Lévêque'', (series Histoire et Politique 4) 2005:290.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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