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Badr-B
The Badr-B (; also known as Badr-II, meaning ''Full Moon-2'') is the second spacecraft and the first earth observation satellite launched into Earth orbit on December 10, 2001 at 0915 hrs by the SUPARCO — Pakistan's national space agency. ''Badr-B'' is a microsatellite, with a mass of ~70 kg, and contained the supercomputerized system to conduct the studies on the gravity gradient. ''Badr-B'' is a research satellite to explore the upper atmosphere and the near space, and carried a large array of instruments for geophysical research.〔
The ''Badr-B'' payload was equipped with several CCD cameras, compact dosimeter, a telemetry system, charge detector and a temperature control unit.〔 It is intended to complete and update the Islamabad Mission Control Center (IMCC), and to test the remote sensing CCD instruments.〔
==Launch history==
The ''Badr-B'' project was launched by Suparco in 1992, following the success of the ''Badr-I'' in 1990. The program was funded by Science Ministry and the construction of the program was completed in Instrumentation Laboratories in Karachi. The United Kingdom's Space Innovation Limited, plc (SIL) also joined this program in 1993 as it had constructed the instrumentation of this satellite.〔 The ''Badr-B'' was slightly bigger than the ''Badr-I'' as compare to weight and mass. Most of the equipments were developed at the DESTO and the spacecraft designing took place in Instrumentation Laboratories in Karachi. The Space Innovation Limited took the contribution in providing the technical assistance required for assembling the ''Badr-B''.〔 A Mission control center was established at the Islamabad where several supercomputers and its systems were installed by Space Innovation Limited. In 1995, a computer system and the system software was designed and installed by Pakistan Software Export Systems (PSES) while COMSATS helped installing the large computer screen at the Islamabad mission control center.〔 Overall, the work on ''Badr-B'' was completed in 1996 by Suparco and it was originally planned to launch from Tilla Launch Complex but it was objected as the country had no launch facility at that time.〔 The CCD cameras were developed by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) who took the interest in the development of the ''Badr-B'' in 1995.
''Badr-B'' was developed in 1996 but the delay of Russian space-rocket put the satellite on hold for more than 4 years. Founding difficulty to launch the satellite, dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan unsuccessfully attempted to launch the satellite from he Sonmiani Launch Complex which was denied by the government at that time. In 2001, the Air Force Strategic Command flew the ''Badr-B'' to Kazakhstan where it was finally launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome on December 10, 2001 abroad a Ukrainian Zenit-2 rocket.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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