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Baggböle
Baggböle is a small village on the Ume River in northern Sweden, approximately upstream of the city of Umeå. The village was a base for sawing local timber in the nineteenth century, with a sawmill powered by the water of the river rapids close to the village.〔 The sawmill at Baggböle was abandoned towards the end of the 19th century, but was in its heyday the largest water powered sawmill in Sweden. The operations at the sawmill resulted in a new word in Swedish, ''"baggböleri"'', a term that originally meant illegal felling of timber in forests belonging to the Crown, but is now a pejorative term for "reckless deforestation" (Swedish: ).〔 〕 Today Baggböle is known for Arboretum Norr, an arboretum that has been developed to attract visitors, and develop plants suitable for northern latitudes.
==History==
The original sawmill at Baggböle Rapids, which was built in 1813-14, stemmed from a partnership between Johan Unander, Eric Nyberg and Johan Vikner, who obtained permission to build a sawmill there.〔
The original business was bought by ''James Dickson & Co'' of Gothenburg, Sweden, a company started by Scottish-Swedish brothers James and Robert Dickson, who had built up a successful business in the province of Värmland, further south in Sweden, in the 1830s. After buying the business at Baggböle they had large new water powered sawmills built at Baggböle, the first in 1842 and the second in 1850, sawmills that were the largest water powered sawmills in Sweden.〔〔 The Dickson sawmills employed 170 male seasonal workers during the ice-free part of the year, from May to October, each year, from the start of operations until the company moved to a new steam powered sawmill at Holmsund, the seaport at the mouth of the Ume river from where the lumber from the sawmill was exported, in the 1880s.〔(Baggbole ), Umea.SE, retrieved 18 May 2014〕 Dickson also had a manor house built at Baggböle in 1846, as residence for the local manager of the mill. The house was designed by Johan Anders Linder to look as if it was made of stone, in spite of being built entirely of wood.〔
The mills' impressive productivity was partially due to the owners' disregard for the law. During 1842–68, the locals, who delivered logs to the sawmill, felled more trees on land belonging to the Crown than they had permissions for.〔〔 A reckless cutting of timber that through the press coverage of the resulting court cases became so infamous that a new word in the Swedish language was derived from the name of the village: ''"baggböleri"'', a derogative term for reckless deforestation.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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