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Bahshamiyya
Bahshamiyya (also known as "Ba Hashimiyya"〔Humanism in the renaissance of Islam: the cultural revival during the Buyid Age, by Joel Kramer,ISBN 90-04-07259-4, ISBN 978-90-04-07259-6〕) is a school of Mu'tazili thought, rivaling the school of Abd al-Jabbar ibn Ahmad, based primarily on the earlier teaching of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i,〔Frank, Richard M. "The Autonomy of the Human Agent in the Teaching of 'Abd al-Gabbar." Le Museon 95(1982): 323–355〕 the son of Abu 'Ali Muhammad al-Jubba'i.
== Borne from Mu'tazila ==
Mu'tazila was a school of rationalist Islamic theology known as Kalam. Practitioners, Mu'tazilîs, stressed the supremacy of human reason and free-will ''(similar to Qadariyya)'' and went on to develop an epistemology, ontology and psychology which provide a basis for explaining the nature of the world, God, man and religion. According to Mu'tazilis, good and evil are easily reconciled through human reason without esoteric methods.
The Mu'tazila school started in the 8th century; its iterative refinement continued from the late 10th century until mid-11th century CE. Mu'tazila was briefly the official theology of the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century. Mu'tazila lost out to the al-Maliki School of Sunni Islam and had all but disappeared by the 14th century. The impact of Mu'tazila doctrine impact continued to be felt in primarily three groups: Shi'a ''(Ismai'li)'' Islam, Karaite Judaism, and to a much lesser extent Rabbanite Judaism of the ''Sephardic Rite'' and ''Yemenite rite''.
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