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Bai-Ülgen or Ülgen (Old Turkic: Bey Ülgen; also spelled Bai-Ulgen, Bai-Ülgen, Bay-Ulgan, Bay-Ulgen, or Bay-Ülgen; Khakas: ''Ülgen'', Cyrillic: ''Ӱлген'', Russian: ''Ульгень'' or ''Ульге́нь'', Ottoman: اولگن) is a Turkic and Mongolian creator-deity, usually distinct from Tengri but sometimes identified with him in the same manner as Helios and Apollo. His name is from Old Turkic ''bay'', "rich", and ''ülgen'', "magnificent". Ulgan is thought to be without a beginning and an end. ==Features== In Turkic and Mongolian mythology, the birch tree, regarded as a cosmic axis between earth and sky, was regarded as sacred to him, as was the horse (horse-sacrifice was a part of his worship).〔Horse Sacrifice and The Shaman's Ascent to The Sky, (Adapted from: Mircea Eliade )〕 Ulgan symbolizes goodness, welfare, abundance, plentiness of food, water, etc. Furthermore, he created earth, heaven and all living beings. In addition, he controls the atmospheric events and movements of stars.〔(Altay ve Şor Mitolojisinde Ülgen Tanrısı )〕 He creates land for people to live, humans' and animals' heads, and the rainbow. He was regarded as the patron god of shamans and the source of their knowledge. It is believed that Ulgan has been created from Tengri (Tengere Kayra Khan). He is the highest deity after Tengri in the Mongo-Turkic pantheon. Often, Ulgan is compared with Tengri and at times they are thought to be on par, or even the same. In some sayings, Ulgan takes place of Tengri, but not completely. Ulgan is described as the enemy of Erlik who is the god of evil and darkness. Ulgen assumes the protectorship of humankind against him. Bai-Ulgan lives on the sixteenth floor of the sky above the stars, sun and moon in a golden house. Mere humans may never reach him, excepting shamans or kams, who possess astral powers. Animals are used for sacrifice in worship of him, especially horses. Once in every third, sixth, ninth, or twelfth year, a shaman may sacrifice a white horse as the first step of reaching Ulgan. Then he must ride its soul, penetrate through all the layers of heaven until he reaches Ulgan. Firstly, the kam(shaman) meets Yayık who is the servant of Ulgan. This entity informs the kam whether or not the offering has been accepted. If the sacrifial rite has been successful, through the omniscience of Ulgan the shaman learns of impending dangers, such as bad harvests. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bai-Ulgan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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