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Baibars
Baibars or Baybars ((アラビア語:الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري), ''al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari''), nicknamed Abu l-Futuh〔Baibars was Kipchak Turk origin , nicknamed Abu al-Futuh and Abu l-Futuhat, which means ''Father of Conquests'', pointing to his victories.〕 (Literally "The father of conquest"; Arabic: أبو الفتوح) (1223 – 1 July 1277), was the fourth Sultan of Egypt from the Mamluk Bahri dynasty. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260,〔The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Macropædia, H.H. Berton Publisher, 1973–1974, p.773/vol.2〕 which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history.〔The history of the Mongol conquests, By J. J. Saunders, pg. 115〕
The reign of Baibars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in the Levant and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols and even managed to subdue the kingdom of Makuria, which was famous for being unconquerable by previous Muslim empire invasion attempts. As Sultan, Baibars also engaged in a combination of diplomacy and military action, allowing the Mamluks of Egypt to greatly expand their empire.
==Name==
His name was derived from Kipchak Turkic ''bay'' ("chief") + ''bars'' ("panther").
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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