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Baal Berith
Baal Berith, properly Baʿal Berith, was the god of the Canaanite and Israelite city of Shechem, who later came to be viewed as a demon in Christianity. According to the Book of Judges, his temple was destroyed when Abimelech quelled the rising of his subjects. The name denotes a form of Ba'al-worship prevailing in Israel, according to the Book of Judges, and particularly in Shechem. The term "Ba'al" is shown by the equivalent "El-berith" to mean "the God of the Covenant." The 'Covenant' (Hebrew: ''Berith'') to which this refers may refer to treaties such as one with the Canaanitic league of which Shechem was the head, or the covenant between Israel and the people of Shechem. The term is considered by some to be too abstract to have been occasioned by a single set of conditions. Moreover, the temple of the god in Shechem implies a permanent establishment. Probably the name and the cult were widespread and ancient (see Baalim), though it is mentioned only in connection with the affairs of Shechem.
Baʿal Berith ("Lord of the Covenant") and El Berith ("God of the Covenant") are two gods, or one god, worshiped in Shechem, in ancient Israel.〔.〕 ''Berith'' probably appears also in Ugaritic texts (second millennium BCE) as ''brt'', in connection with Baʿal,〔 and perhaps as Beruth in Sanchuniathon's work.
== In the Bible ==
Judges is the only Biblical book that mentions Baʿal Berith and El Berith.〔.〕〔〔 It is not clear whether they are separate forms of the gods Baʿal and El or are actually one god. Scholars suppose that he or they may have been (a) fertility and vegetation god(s), based on another passage in Judges.〔.〕 Also unclear is what covenant or covenants are referred to by the name ''Berith''. Elsewhere, some of the Shechemites are called "men of Hamor";〔.〕 this is compared to "sons of Hamor", which in the ancient Middle East referred to people who had entered into a covenant sealed by the sacrifice of a ''hamor'', an ass.〔 "Children" or "sons of Hamor' itself appears in Genesis〔.〕 and Joshua,〔.〕 in both of which, as in Judges,〔 Hamor is called the father of Shechem. Genesis also〔.〕 features a man named Hamor who ruled in the area of Shechem〔.〕 and had a son named ''Shechem''.
Rabbinic tradition equates Baʿal Berith with Beelzebub, the god of Philistine Ekron.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=JewishEncyclopedia.com - BAAL-BERITH )〕
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