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Balberta
Balberta is a major Mesoamerican archaeological site on the Pacific coastal plain of southern Guatemala, belonging to the Maya civilization.〔Arroyo 2003, p. 34.〕 It has been dated to the Early Classic period and is the only known major site on the Guatemalan Pacific coastal plain to have exposed Early Classic architecture that has not been buried under posterior Late Classic construction.〔Bove 1994, p. 39.〕 The site was related to the nearby site of San Antonio, which lies to the west.〔
Balberta first appears to have been occupied in the Late Preclassic period, when it was a small site of minor importance.〔Bove 1994, p. 40. Medrano Busto 1994, p. 47.〕 After a period of rapid growth it became one of the largest Early Classic sites on the Guatemalan Pacific coast and reached the height of its power between AD 200 and AD 400, after which it rapidly declined and was replaced by a new capital at the nearby site of Montana.〔〔 It traded with the distant metropolis of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico, with other recovered artifacts having their origin on the Gulf coast of Mexico.〔 Cacao was probably one of the city's main exports, being a particularly valued perishable product in Mesoamerica.〔〔 At its height Balberta demonstrated true state-level political organisation and dominated a wide swathe of the Guatemalan coast.〔Sharer 2000, pp. 468-469.〕 Balberta was suddenly abandoned around AD 400.〔Bove & Medrano Busto 2003, p. 53.〕
==Location==
Balberta is located in the municipality of La Democracia in the department of Escuintla,〔Lou P. 1994, p.53.〕 approximately equidistant between the La Gomera and Achiguate rivers flowing down from the Guatemalan Highlands and about from the coast and southeast of the contemporary site of Kaminaljuyu.〔Bove 1994, p. 39. Bove & Medrano Busto 2003, p. 46.〕 Balberta lies at an altitude of above mean sea level on a flat coastal plain with a width of approximately .〔Medrano Busto 1994, p. 47. Lou P. 1994, p.53.〕 The soils of the plain are sandy sedimentary deposits, they are fertile and well-drained, supporting tropical vegetation and suitable for the cultivation of a variety of crops. The site lies on the lands of four plantations, the Santa Rita, San Carlos, Santa Mónica and San Patricio plantations, with the majority of the site occupying the first three of these.〔 The plantations are dedicated to the cultivation of sugarcane, with the exception of the Santa Mónica plantation, which grows cotton and maize, depending on the season.〔Lou P. 1994, p.54.〕
The entire area is crossed by north-south water-courses and there are some low-lying areas that form stagnant marshes in the wet season. The local topography is subject to constant change due to the seasonal flooding of the Achiguate River.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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