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| url = http://www.nps.gov/band/index.htm }} Bandelier National Monument is a United States National Monument in New Mexico preserving the homes and territory of the Ancestral Puebloans. Most of the pueblo structures date to two eras, in total from 1150 to 1600 CE. The Monument is of the Pajarito Plateau, on the slopes of the Jemez Volcanic field in the Jemez Mountains. Over 70% of the Monument is wilderness, with over one mile elevation change, from about along the Rio Grande to over at the peak of Cerro Grande on the rim of the Valles Caldera, providing for a wide range of life zones and wildlife habitats. There are only three miles of road, but over 70 miles of hiking trails. The Monument protects Ancestral Pueblo archeological sites, a diverse and scenic landscape, and the country's largest National Park Service Civilian Conservation Corps National Landmark District. Bandelier was designated by President Woodrow Wilson as a National Monument on February 11, 1916, and named for Adolph Bandelier, a Swiss anthropologist who researched the cultures of the area and supported preservation of the sites. The National Park Service co-operates with surrounding pueblos, other federal agencies, and state agencies to manage the park. The monument received 193,914 visitors in 2011.〔 ==Geography and geology== In October 1976, roughly seventy percent of the monument, , was included within the National Wilderness Preservation System.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bandelier Wilderness )〕 The park's elevations range from about at the Rio Grande to over at the summit of Cerro Grande.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bandelier National Monument – Nature & Science )〕 The Valles Caldera National Preserve adjoins the monument on the north and west, extending into the Jemez Mountains. Much of the area was covered with volcanic ash (the Bandelier tuff) from an eruption of the Valles Caldera volcano 1.14 million years ago. The tuff overlays shales and sandstones deposited during the Permian Period and limestone of Pennsylvanian age. The volcanic outflow varied in hardness; the Ancestral Pueblo People broke up the firmer materials to use as bricks, while they carved out dwellings from the softer material.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bsndelier Tuff – Valles Caldera )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bandelier National Monument」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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