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Stepan Andriyovych Bandera ((ウクライナ語:Степан Андрійович Бандера); 1 January 1909 – 15 October 1959) was a Ukrainian political activist, leader of the Ukrainian nationalist and independence movement. Bandera is a controversial historical figure honoured by the contemporary Ukrainian nationalist movement and far right organizations such as the Right Sector〔http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30655184〕〔http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/01/01/ukraine-bandera/4279897/〕 and at the same time condemned as a murderer by ethnic Poles〔http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2013/07/polish-ukrainian-relations〕〔http://wdolnymslasku.pl/wydarzenia/1290-nie-ma-przyjazni-za-wszelka-cene-protest-przeciwko-gloryfikowaniu-upa-i-braku-reakcji-polskich-wladz〕 and Jews.〔http://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-march-to-honor-nazi-collaborator-in-kiev/〕〔http://www.thenation.com/article/hero-orange-revolution-poisons-ukraine〕 In 1934, he was arrested in Lviv (in Polish, ''Lwów'') by Polish authorities and was tried twice: for involvement in the assassination of the Polish minister of internal affairs, Bronisław Pieracki; and at a general trial of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists executives. He was convicted of terrorism and sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. In September 1939, while Poland was being invaded, under unclear circumstances Bandera managed to be freed from prison and proceeded to work to establish a unified Ukrainian state, composed of areas where the majority of inhabitants were ethnic Ukrainians, but that had been under the control of Poland and the Soviet Union. On 30 June 1941, eight days after Germany's attack on the Soviet Union, Bandera in Lviv proclaimed an independent Ukrainian state. His militant branch of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (''OUN'') thought that, in their struggle against the Soviet Union, they had a powerful ally in Nazi Germany. But the Germans arrested the newly formed Ukrainian government and sent them to concentration camps in Germany. Bandera was imprisoned by the Nazis until September 1944. Beginning in 1943 the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists carried out a massacre of Poles in Volhynia and East Galicia, killing up to 100,000 civilians, although at the time Bandera himself was in a German concentration camp and was not directly in charge of the organization. Members of OUN were also implicated in the killing of Jews in these territories. In 1944, with the war going very badly against Germany, Bandera was released in the hope that he would fight the advancing Soviet forces. He established his headquarters in Berlin and received German financial, material, and personnel support for his Ukrainian Insurgent Army. After the war, in 1959, in Munich, Germany, Bandera was assassinated by the KGB (Soviet security agency).〔Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, ''The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB'', Basic Books, 1999. ISBN 0-465-00312-5, p. 362.〕〔(How the KGB organized the assassination of Bandera. (Як КДБ організовував убивство Бандери) )〕 Assessments of his work have ranged from totally apologetic to sharply negative.〔Довкола цієї контраверсійної постаті й донині точаться гострі суперечки, що супроводжуються розмаїттям оцінок: від різко негативних до суцільно апологетичних. D.Vyedeneyev O.Lysenko OUN and foreign intelligence services 1920s–1950s Ukrainian Historical Magazine 3, 2009 p.132– Institute of History National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine http://www.history.org.ua/JournALL/journal/2009/3/11.pdf〕 On 22 January 2010, the outgoing President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko awarded Bandera the posthumous title of Hero of Ukraine. The award was condemned by European Parliament, Russian, Polish and Jewish organizations〔(), Simon Wiesenthal Center (28 January 2010)〕〔() Student Union of French Jews, (1 February 2010)〕 and was declared illegal by the following Ukrainian government and a court decision in April 2010. In January 2011, the award was officially annulled.〔(Рішенням суду президентський указ «Про присвоєння С.Бандері звання Герой України» скасовано ), President.gov.ua. Retrieved 16 January 2011.〕 Stepan Bandera remains a controversial figure today both in Ukraine and internationally.〔 ==Life== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stepan Bandera」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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