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A bandura ((ウクライナ語:банду́ра)) is a Ukrainian, plucked string, folk instrument. It combines elements of the zither and lute and, up until the 1940s, was also often referred to by the term kobza. Early instruments had 6 to 12 strings. In the 20th century, the number of strings increased to 31 strings, and up to 68 strings on so-called 'concert' instruments.〔Mizynec, V. Folk Instruments of Ukraine. Bayda Books, Melbourne, Australia, 1987, 48с.〕 Musicians who play the bandura are referred to as bandurists. Some traditional bandura players, often blind, were referred to as kobzars. ==Etymology== The earliest mention of the term ''bandura'' dates back to a Polish chronicle of 1441, which states that the Polish King Sigismund III〔Diakowsky, M. ''A Note on the History of the Bandura''. The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S. 4, 3–4 №1419, N.Y. 1958, С.21–22.〕 had a court bandurist known as Taraszko who was of Ruthenian (Ukrainian) ethnicity and was also the king's companion in chess. A number of other court bandurists of Ukrainian ethnicity have also been recorded in medieval Polish documents. The term ''bandura'' is generally thought to have entered the Ukrainian language via Polish, either from Latin or from the Greek pandora or pandura, although some scholars feel that the term was introduced into Ukraine directly from the Greek language. The term ''kobza'' was often used as a synonym for ''bandura'' and the terms were used interchangeably until the mid-20th century. The use of the term ''kobza'' pre-dates the first known use of the term ''bandura''. ''Kobza'' was first mentioned in a Polish chronicle in 1313, having been introduced into the Ukrainian language sometime in the 12–13th century. It is thought to have Turkic pedigree. The less used term ''kobza-bandura'' refers to the dual origins of the instrument. However, it rarely appears in spoken language. The term ''bandore'' or ''bandora'' can also be found when referring to this instrument. The usage of this term stems from an inaccurate and discredited assumption made by Russian music scholar A. Famintsyn that the Ukrainian people borrowed the instrument from England. The term made its way into usage through early 20th century Soviet Ukrainian-English and Russian-English dictionaries. The term ''bandura'' is also occasionally used when referring to a number of other Eastern European string instruments such as the hurdy-gurdy and the five string guitar (commonly referred to by the diminutive ''bandurka''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bandura」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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