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| conventional_long_name = People's Republic of Bangladesh | common_name = Bangladesh | image_flag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg | image_coat = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | other_symbol = | other_symbol_type = |national_anthem = "Amar Sonar Bangla" ---- | image_map = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg | image_map2 =Bg-map.png | official_languages = Bengali | languages_type = Other languages | languages = English | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2014 |religion = Islam | demonym = Bangladeshi | capital = Dhaka | latd=23 |latm=42 |latNS=N |longd=90 |longm=21 |longEW=E | largest_city = Dhaka | legislature = Jatiyo Sangshad | government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Abdul Hamid | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Sheikh Hasina | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = Chief Justice | leader_name4 = | sovereignty_type = Formation | established_event1 = Partition of India | established_date1 = 15 August 1947 | established_event2 = Declaration of Independence | established_date2 = 26 March 1971 | established_event3 = Liberation of Bangladesh | established_date3 = 16 December 1971 | established_event4 = Constitution | established_date4 = 4 November 1972 | area_km2 = 147,570 | area_sq_mi = 56,977 | area_rank = 94th | area_magnitude = | percent_water = 6.4 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_estimate = 168,957,745〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=U.S. and World Population Clock )〕 | population_estimate_year = 2015 | population_estimate_rank = 8th | population_density_km2 = 1,033.5 | population_density_sq_mi = 2,676.8 | population_density_rank = 12th | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP = $572.440 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bangladesh )〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = 34th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,581〔 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 144th | GDP_nominal = $205.327 billion | GDP_nominal_rank = 44th | GDP_nominal_year = 2015 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $1,314 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 155th | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = | Gini = 32.1 | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2013 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.558 | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | FSI = | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 16th | FSI_category = Alert | currency = Taka () | currency_code = BDT | time_zone = BST | utc_offset = +6 | date_format = }} | drives_on = left | calling_code = +880 | ISO_3166–1_alpha2 = BD | ISO_3166–1_alpha3 = BGD | ISO_3166–1_numeric = 050 | sport_code = BGD | vehicle_code = BD | cctld = .bd }} Bangladesh (; ; , , lit. "The land of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh ( '), is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India to its west, north and east; Myanmar (Burma) to its southeast; and is separated from Nepal and Bhutan by the Chicken's Neck corridor. To its south, it faces the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh is the world's eighth-most populous country, with over 168 million people. It is one of the most densely populated countries, and among countries with a population exceeding 10 million, it is the most densely populated. It forms part of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal, along with the neighbouring Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura. The present-day borders of Bangladesh took shape during the Partition of Bengal and the British India in 1947, when the region came to be known as East Pakistan, as a part of the newly formed state of Pakistan. It was separated from West Pakistan by of Indian territory. Because of political exclusion, ethnic and linguistic discrimination and economic neglect by the politically dominant western wing, nationalism, popular agitation and civil disobedience led to the Bangladesh Liberation War and independence in 1971. After independence, the new state endured poverty, famine, political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress. In 2014, the Bangladeshi general election was boycotted by major opposition parties, resulting in a parliament and government dominated by the Awami League and its smaller coalition partners. Bangladesh is a unitary parliamentary republic with an elected parliament called the Jatiyo Sangshad. The native Bengalis form the country's largest ethnic group, along with indigenous peoples in northern and southeastern districts. Geographically, the country is dominated by the fertile Bengal delta, the world's largest delta. This also gives Bangladesh a unique name tag as "the land of rivers". Bangladesh has a rich heritage of ancient civilization.〔http://www.travelbd.com/ancient_bengal.〕〔http://en.people.cn/200404/02/eng20040402_139287.shtml〕 Bangladesh's documented history spans 4,000 years.〔http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-03/12/content_4293312.htm〕〔http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/07-09/features1425.htm〕 Bangladesh human history has lasted for more than 20,000 years.〔https://mukto-mona.com/new_site/mukto-mona/bengali_heritage/bengal_history.htm〕 Bangladesh is a Next Eleven emerging economy. It has achieved significant strides in human and social development since independence, including progress in gender equality, universal primary education, food production, health, and population control. However, Bangladesh continues to face numerous political, economic, social and environmental challenges, including political instability, corruption, poverty, overpopulation, and global warming. The country is a founding member of SAARC, the Developing 8 Countries and BIMSTEC. It contributes one of the largest peacekeeping forces to the United Nations. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-Aligned Movement. == Etymology == While the word "Bengali" is generally used to refer to people of ethnic Bengali descent in Bangladesh including those living in India and other countries, the demonym "Bangladeshi" is used to describe all citizens of Bangladesh, including non-Bengalis. The origin of the name Bengal (known as ''Bangla'' and ''Bongo'' in Bengali language) is unknown. One theory suggests that the word derives from "Bang", a Dravidian tribe that settled the region around 1000 BC. The word might have been derived from the ancient kingdom of ''Vanga'' (or ''Banga''), which came from the Austric word "Bonga" meaning the Sun-god. The Indo-Aryan suffix "''(-desh)''" is derived from the Sanskrit word ' ("region, province, country") (see Desi) means "land" or "country" in Bengali language, so ''Bangladesh'' means "The land of Bengal". The earliest reference to "Vangala" (''Bangla'') has been traced in the Nesari plates (805 AD) of Rashtrakuta Govinda III which speak of Dharmapala as the king of Vangala. The records of Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty, who invaded Bengal in the 11th century, speak of Govindachandra as the ruler of Vangaladesa.〔Keay, John (2011) ''India: A History''. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-4558-2. p. 220〕〔Allan, John Andrew (2013) ''The Cambridge Shorter History of India''. Literary Licensing. p. 145〕〔Sen, Sailendra Nath ''Ancient Indian History and Civilization''. New Age International. ISBN 81-224-1198-3. p. 281〕 == History == (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bangladesh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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