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Barad-dûr
Barad-dûr, the “Dark Tower,” is a fictional place in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth writings and is described in ''The Lord of the Rings'', ''The Silmarillion'' and other works. Sauron, the Dark Lord, ruled Mordor from Barad-dûr; the greatest fortress ever built since the fall of Angband, and much of his personal power went into it. The Eye of Sauron kept watch over Middle-earth from its highest tower. It was located in north-west Mordor close to Mount Doom. The name was pronounced "Ba'rad doorr" with emphasis placed on the "rr."〔 The Lieutenant of Barad-dûr was the Mouth of Sauron, who acted as an ambassador and herald for Mordor and Sauron.
Barad-dûr was completed by Sauron in 1600 of the Second Age. It was levelled to the ground following the victory of the Last Alliance of Elves and Men at the end of the age. Rebuilding began in the Third Age, 67 years before the War of the Ring. The Dark Tower was finally destroyed as a consequence of the One Ring being unmade in the fires of Mount Doom.
Barad-dûr was portrayed in Peter Jackson's ''The Lord of the Rings'' film trilogy (2001–2003), see below for details.
==Etymology==
In the Elvish language of Sindarin, Barad-dûr translates ''Barad = Tower'' and ''Dûr = Dark'', this is rendered into English as the “Dark Tower.” Barad-dûr was called "Lugbúrz" in the Black Speech of Mordor which also translates as "Dark Tower," it is composed of ''Lug = Tower'' and ''Búrz = Dark''. The Black Speech (created by Sauron) was one of the languages used in Barad-dûr. The soldiers there used a debased form of the tongue.〔Tolkien, J. R. R. (1955), “Appendix F,” ''The Return of the King'', London: George Allen and Unwin Publishers (1978 (Hardback) Impression), (p. 410), ISBN 0048230464.〕 In ''The Lord of the Rings'' "Barad-dûr," "Lugbúrz," and the "Dark Tower" are occasionally utilized as synonyms for Sauron.
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