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''al-Barāhīn al-Ahmadīyyah 'alā Haqīqatu KitābAllāh al-Qur'ān wa'n-Nabūwwatu al-Muhammadīyyah'' (Arguments in Support of the Book of Allah - the Qur'an, and the Prophethood of Muhammad) is a five part book written by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the Ahmadiyya Islamic Movement. The first 2 parts were published in 1880 CE, the third volume was published in 1882, the fourth volume in 1884 and the fifth volume in 1905. Written and published against the backdrop of what Ghulam Ahmad perceived as an intense anti-Islamic atmosphere in the Indian sub-continent, he sought to rejuvenate Islam by arguing for the validity of its principles and substantiating its truth in response to the threat posed by the Hindu majority and Christian missionaries.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Islam in the African-American Experience )〕 In this context, a significant portion of the subject matter of the book is dedicated to the defence of Islam as a whole against the criticism of Muhammad, the Qur'an and Islam that was raised in the 18th and 19th centuries predominantly by Christian missionaries. Along with the publication of the book, Ghulam Ahmad issued a poster advertising a reward of 10,000 rupees (the total value of his property in 1879) to anyone who could refute the authentications and arguments presented therein; and could present one-fifth of such 'excellences' as presented in the ''Barāhīn'' in favour of Islam, in favour of their own religion, scripture and founder.〔(Ahmadiyya Muslim Community – Introducing the Books of the Promised Messiah )〕 The work was initially intended to be a comprehensive fifty-volume series in defence of Islam, however, Ghulam Ahmad's claim to be divinely appointed as the expected Mahdi and Messiah during the course of its writing and following the publication of volume four marked a major watershed and a change of direction in his life. The series thus ended with the fifth volume. ==The Conditions for the Challenge== In the announcement contained in part one, Ghulam Ahmad sets out the form, conditions and criteria of the challenge and offers a reward of 10,000 rupees (total value of the author's property) to the respondent, provided that three judges agreed upon by both parties, 'unanimously give the verdict that the conditions' have been met.〔(Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya part I & II ), p.47-59〕 *Anyone from the 'various religions and creeds' is invited to prove that their holy books are equal in status to the Qur'an by presenting such arguments in support of and derived purely from their central scriptures, as the author has done from the Qur'an in support of its truth and that of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. *If One is unable to advance the same number of arguments as he has, then one may produce half, or one-third, or one-fourth, or one-fifth of them or at the least refute his arguments one by one. *The permission to advance up to one fifth of the arguments does not pertain to the total number of arguments but rather to each "category of arguments" that is, (a) arguments based on the 'inherent excellences' or internal evidence of the truth of the holy scripture and that of the religion's founder; and (b) arguments based on external evidence, upon 'objective facts and established, recurrent events'. These two categories are further divided into the 'simple argument' and the 'composite argument', the former being that which is independently and in itself sufficient evidence of divine origin and truth; the latter that whose validity requires a set of mutually dependent arguments.〔(Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya part I & II ), p.50-59〕 *if he is unable to advance arguments from his own scripture or present even one fifth of the arguments in accordance with the conditions then he must acknowledge by a written submission that the 'inadequacy and irrationality of his scripture has rendered him incapable of fulfilling this clause. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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