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Barbapedana
Barbapedana (Milanese: Barbapedanna) is a word of uncertain origin that refers to a Milanese minstrel and cantastorie ("story singer") that sang in such places as ''trani'' (the Milanese traditional ''osterie'', i.e., pubs).〔(Alessio Brugnoli, ''Osterie'' )〕 While the word "barbapedana" dates back at least to the 17th century, "the Barbapedana" per antonomasia was Enrico Molaschi, active in the late 19th century.〔See Boito (1870)〕 Many rhymes from his repertoire have remained in the popular culture of Milan; for example, this is the case for the lines that Barbapedana sang to describe himself (such as ''Barbapedanna el gh'aveva on gilé / Rott per denanz e strasciaa per dedree''; that is, "Barbapedana wore a gilet, broken in front and ripped off in the back"〔There are several reported variations on these lines, e.g., ''El Barbapedana gh'aveva un gilè curt davanti cont sensa el de dree / sensa butun, lung una spana / l'era 'l gilet del Barbapedana'', meaning: "Barbapedana had a gilet, short in front and without the back; it had no buttons, it was one span long; this was Barbapedana's gilet"〕) and for the nursery rhyme ''De piscinin che l'era'' ("So small he was"), about a man who was so small that he could do such things as "dance on top of a coin" or "make 200 shirts out of a piece of fabric".〔(R. Leydi, ''Il Barbapedanna'' )〕
==History of the Barbapedana==
The origin and meaning of the word "barbapedana" are uncertain. Poetry by some "Barba Pedana" from Veneto, dating back to the 17th century, is reportedly preserved in the Biblioteca di San Marco in Venice. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, in his ''Confessions'', mentions a cousin nicknamed "Barna Bredanna". While it is unclear whether there is any relation between these and Barbapedana, it is reasonable to believe that the Milanese minstrels of the 17th century were representatives of an older tradition that possibly extended across northern Italy and other areas of southern Europe.〔
The oldest known reference to the word "barbapedana" is possibly found in Carlo Maria Maggi's dialectal play ''Il Barone di Birbanza'' (1696; lines 324-325): ''L'ho dij par quij che porten la capascia / fin de Barbapedanna / che fa bandera su la durlindanna'', where Barbapedanna is described as someone who puts his cloak on top of his sword's grip, like a flag; this is supposedly a reference to the habits of the dandy, playful Milanese youth of the time.〔 Poet Gaetano Crespi reports an anonymous poem, also of the 17th century, which has this reference to the "cloak appended to the sword" (possibly an influence of Maggi's works), but otherwise describes the Barbapedana as a funny minstrel, and states that the cloak's lining was ripped off, that the man was "a man of Carnival" (''homm de carnevaee'') and that he was "one span tall" (''volt una spanna''), all of which are direct references to Barbapedana's most popular tunes:
As this description includes the main traits of the Barbapedana as it is remembered today, and even obvious references to his most popular songs, it can easily be argued that an essentially immutated Barbapedana "heritage" was passed over from one generation to the next, at least since the 17th century and possibly earlier, down to the last representatives of the genre, who were active in the early 20th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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