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Barbecue (also barbeque, BBQ and barby/barbies) is both a cooking method and an apparatus. The generally accepted differences between barbecuing and grilling are the cooking times and the types of heat used. Grilling is generally done quickly over moderate-to-high direct heat with little smoke, while barbecuing is done slowly over low indirect heat and the food is flavored by the smoking process. The word barbecue, when used as a noun, can refer to the cooking method, the meat cooked in this way, or to the cooking apparatus itself (the "barbecue grill" or simply "barbecue"). Used as an adjective, barbecued refers to foods cooked by this method. The term is also used as a verb for the act of cooking food in this manner. Barbecuing is usually done in an outdoor environment by smoking the meat over wood or charcoal. Restaurant barbecue may be cooked in large brick or metal ovens specifically designed for that purpose. There are numerous regional variations of barbecuing and it is practiced around many different areas of the world. == Etymology == Some etymologists believe that ''barbecue'' derives from the word ''barabicu'' found in the language of the Taíno people of the Caribbean and the Timucua of Florida,〔''The Great American Barbecue and Grilling Manual'' by Smoky Hale. Abacus Publishing, 2000. ISBN 0-936171-03-0.〕 and it has entered multiple European languages in the form of ''barbacoa''. Specifically, the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces the word back to Haiti, that translates as a "framework of sticks set upon posts". Gonzalo Fernández De Oviedo y Valdés, a Spanish explorer, was the first to use the word "barbecoa" in print in Spain in 1526 in the ''Diccionario de la Lengua Española (2nd Edition) of the Real Academia Española.''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Story Of Barbecue )〕 After Columbus landed in the Americas in 1492, the Spaniards had seemed to have found native Haitians roasting animal meat over a grill consisting of a wooden framework resting on sticks and a fire made underneath. The flames and smoke would rise and envelop the animal meat, giving it a certain flavor. The same framework was also used as a means of protection against animal attacks at night. Traditional ''barbacoa'' involves digging a hole in the ground and placing some meat (usually a whole goat) with a pot underneath it, so that the juices can make a hearty broth. It is then covered with maguey leaves and coal and set alight. The cooking process takes a few hours. Olaudah Equiano, an African abolitionist, described this method of roasting alligators among the ''Mosquito People'' (Miskito people) on his journeys to Cabo Gracias a Dios in his narrative, ''The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano''.〔Equiano, pg. 316〕 It has been suggested that the word migrated out of the Caribbean and into other languages and cultures, with the word (barbacoa) moving from Caribbean dialects into Spanish, then Portuguese, French, and English. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' cites the first recorded use of the word in the English language as a verb in 1661, in Edmund Hickeringill's ''Jamaica Viewed'': "Some are slain, And their flesh forthwith Barbacu'd and eat." The word ''barbecue'' was published in English in 1672 as a verb from the writings of John Lederer, following his travels in the North American southeast in 1669-70. The first known use of the word as a noun was in 1697 by the British buccaneer William Dampier. In his ''New Voyage Round the World'', Dampier writes: "...and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of Sticks, raised about 3 foot from the Ground".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=A New Voyage Round the World )〕 Samuel Johnson's 1756 dictionary gave the following definitions: * "To Barbecue – a term for dressing a whole hog" (attestation to Pope) * "Barbecue – a hog dressed whole" While the standard modern English spelling of the word is ''barbecue,'' local variations like ''barbeque'' and truncations such as ''bar-b-q'' or ''BBQ'' may also be found. The spelling ''barbeque'' is given in Merriam-Webster and the Oxford Dictionaries as a variant. In the southeastern United States, the word ''barbecue'' is used predominantly as a noun referring to roast pork, while in the southwestern states cuts of beef are often cooked. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barbecue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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