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The barbiton, or barbitos (Gr: βάρβιτον or βάρβιτος; Lat. ''barbitus''), is an ancient stringed instrument known from Greek and Roman classics related to the lyre. The barbat or ''barbud'', also sometimes called ''barbiton'', is an unrelated lute-like instrument derived from Persia. The Greek instrument was a bass version of the kithara, and belonged in the zither family, but in medieval times, the same name was used to refer to a different instrument that was a variety of lute. ==Ancient descriptions== Theocritus (xvi. 45), the Sicilian poet, calls the barbitos an instrument of many strings, i.e. more than seven, which was by the Hellenes considered to be a perfect number, and matched the number of strings customary in the kithara. Anacreon〔 cites: Bergk's ''Poetae Lyrici Graeci'' (4th ed., 1882), p. 291, ''fr.'' 143 (); and p. 311, 23 (), 3; and 14 (), 34, p. 306〕 (a native of Teos in Asia Minor) sings that his barbitos only gives out erotic tones. (A remark which could have been metaphorical, or could have been literal and referred to tuning in the Greek Phrygian mode – roughly C Major.)〔 Pollux (''Onomasticon'' iv. chap. 8, § 59) calls the instrument barbiton or barymite (from βάρυς, heavy and μίτος, a string), an instrument producing deep sounds. The strings were twice as long as those of the pectis and sounded an octave lower. Pindar (in Athen. xiv. p. 635), in the same line wherein he attributes the introduction of the instrument into Greece to Terpander, tells us one could magadize, i.e. play in two parts at an interval of an octave on the two instruments. Although in use in Asia Minor, Italy, Sicily, and Greece, it is evident that the barbiton never won for itself a place in the affections of the Greeks of Hellas; it was regarded as a barbarian instrument affected by those only whose tastes in matters of art were unorthodox. It had fallen into disuse in the days of Aristotle,〔 cites: ''Polit.'' viii. (v.), 6, ed. Susemihl-Hicks (1894), pp. 604 (= 1341a 40) and 632; Daremberg and Saglio, ''Dict. d'ant. gr. et rom.'', article "Lyre,", p, 1450, for a few more references to the classics.〕 but reappeared under the Romans. Aristotle said that this string instrument was not for educational purposes but for pleasure only. Often Sappho is also depicted playing the barbitos, which has longer strings and a lower pitch. It is closely associated with the poet Alcaeus and the island of Lesbos, the birthplace of Sappho, where it is called a ''barmos.''〔W. D. Anderson. (1994). ''Music and Musicians in Ancient Greece''. ISBN 0-8014-3083-6. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.〕 The music from this instrument was said to be the lyre for drinking parties and is considered an invention of Terpander. The word ''barbiton'' was frequently used for the kithara or lyre.〔M. L. West. (1992). ''Ancient Greek Music''. ISBN 0-19-814975-1. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barbiton」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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