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Barile is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. It is bounded by the ''comuni'' (municipalities), of Ginestra, Rapolla, Rionero in Vulture, Ripacandida, and Venosa. The town is an ancient Arbëreshë settlement, and the population still maintains strong links with that culture. The noun, ''barile'', means "barrel" in Italian. The people of Barile speak Italian and Arbëreshë, a dialect of Albanian. The locals managed to preserve Albanian language and culture over the centuries, as the village was founded by groups of Greek and Albanian immigrants. The first flow of immigrants is considered to have settled in the area in 1447. ==History== The exact origin of the name of the town is unknown. Some believe it comes from ''barrale'' or ''barelium'', a term indicating the duties on flocks of sheep and goats. Others believe it comes from the wooden barrels used to preserve the famous wine grown in the area (Aglianico del Vulture). (The Italian word for "barrel" is ''barile''.) Evidence of this is the town's coat of arms, which shows a barrel between two fir trees and a bunch of grapes. However, on some old maps Barile has been written "Barrile", with a double "r". The area was populated in ancient times by a colony of Greeks who later abandoned the place. The Barile farmstead existed at the time of Robert d'Anjou, in the early 14th century, as evidenced by a 1332 document speaking of the two farmsteads of Barile and Rionero in Vulture. The Bishop of Rapolla decided to populate Barile with people foreign to the kingdom, and in return received the privilege of tax exemption for a decade. The town grew from the 14th to the 17th century as a result of migration of four colonies of Greeks and Albanians, who brought with them their customs and religious worship, building churches where they settled. The first Albanian colony called the "Arbëreshë" arrived in the area probably around 1477 and was dubbed by the local population "the colony Clefiti". The second colony, called the "Coroneo" because they come from Koroni, Greece, arrived around 1534, having abandoned their home town after a plague. This second wave of refugees settled on the same hill range as the previous "Arbëreshë". The third colony arrived in 1597 and was composed of approximately thirty families from Melfi, who settled in Barile after several hostilities with the population of Melfi. The fourth and final settlement came about in 1675, that of the "Mainotti", so called because they came from Laconia and Maina, the ancient Leuctra. They were also called the ''Camiciotti'' ("shirts") because they wore black shirts. In 1861 the country became an integral part of the Lucanian brigandage, having as leading figures Michele Volonnino and Caporal Teodoro, men loyal to Carmine Crocco who opposed the government of Vittorio Emanuele II of the House of Savoy that had been recently installed. On July 23, 1930, Barile (like the whole Vulture region), was damaged by a strong earthquake (the 1930 Irpinia earthquake), which hit the provinces of Avellino and Potenza. In 1964, Pier Paolo Pasolini shot a few scenes of the film ''The Gospel According to St. Matthew'' in Barile, selecting a few extras from the local population. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Barile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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