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Basij
The Basij ((ペルシア語:بسيج)), full name Sâzmân-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin ((ペルシア語:سازمان بسیج مستضعفین), "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed")〔(AEI Outlook Series: What Do Structural Changes in the Revolutionary Guards Mean? )〕 is a paramilitary volunteer militia established in 1979 by order of the Islamic Revolution's leader Ayatollah Khomeini. The original organization comprised the civilian volunteers whom the Ayatollah Khomeini urged to fight in the Iran–Iraq war.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Basij Militia" (2 December 2011) ''The New York Times'' )〕 The force consists of young Iranians who have volunteered, often in exchange for official benefits. Currently Basij serve as an auxiliary force engaged in activities such as internal security as well as law enforcement auxiliary, the providing of social service, organizing of public religious ceremonies, and policing of morals and the suppression of dissident gatherings.〔Molavi, Afshin, ''The Soul of Iran'', W.W. Norton, (2005), p. 88, 316–318〕 ''Basij'' is the name of the force; a ''basiji'' is an individual member.〔(iran primer the basij resistance force ) by ALI ALFONEH, pbs.org, 21 October 2010〕
The Basij are set up as〔(Basij Militia. NYT.com ) 19 June 2009〕 subordinate to, receiving their orders from, the Iranian Revolutionary Guards and the current Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei to whom they are known for their loyalty. They have also been described as "a loosely allied group of organizations" including "many groups controlled by local clerics."〔 They have a local organization in almost every city in Iran.〔Molavi, Afshin, ''The Soul of Iran'', W.W. Norton, (2005), p.88〕
Mohammad Reza Naqdi was the commander of the Basij.〔(Hosein Taeb ) Iran Rises. 30 August 2009. accessed 23-September-2009〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Iran’s unfinished crisis. Nazenin Ansari, 16 – 09 – 2009 )〕 The force was often present and reacting against the widespread protests which occurred immediately after the 2009 Iranian presidential election and in the months following.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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