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The Bashkirs ((バシキール語:Башҡорттар); (ロシア語:Башкиры)) are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan, extending on both sides of the Ural Mountains, on the place where Eastern Europe meets North Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and other countries. Most Bashkirs speak the Bashkir language, which belongs to the Kypchak branch of the Turkic languages and share cultural affinities with the broader Turkic peoples. In religion the Bashkirs are mainly Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi ''madhhab''. ==Ethnonym== There are several theories regarding the etymology of the endonym ''Bashqort''. * Ethnologist R. G. Kuzeev defines the ethnonym as emanating from "''bash''" — "main, head" and "''qort''" — " clan, tribe". * According to the theory of 18th-century ethnographers V. N. Tatishchev, P. I. Richkov, and Johann Gottlieb Georgi, the word "Bashqort" means "wolf-leader of the pack" (''bash'' — "main",''qort'' — "wolf"). * In 1847, the historian V. S. Yumatov suggested the meaning as "beekeeper, beemaster". * Russian historian and ethnologist A. E. Alektorov in 1885 suggested that "Bashqort" means "distinct nation". * The Turkologist N. A. Baskakov believed that the word "Bashqort" consists of two parts: "''badz(a)''" – brother-in-law" and "''(o)gur''" and means "Ugrics' brother-in-law". * The historian and archaeologist Mikhail Artamonov has identified the Scythian tribe Bušxk' (or ''Bwsxk'') with the ethnonym of modern Bashkirs. Historian R.H. Hewsen, however, rejects Artamanov's identification and instead identifies the Scythian ''Bušxk'' with the Volga Bulgars who were the estern neighbors of the Bashkirs at that time.〔(Peter B. Golden, Haggai Ben-Shammai & András Róna-Tas, The World of the Khazars: New Perspectives, Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2007, pp. 422-423. )〕 * Ethnologist N. V. Bikbulatov's theory states that the term originates from the name of legendary Khazar warlord Bashgird, who was dwelling with two thousand of his warriors in the area of the Jayıq river. * According to Douglas Morton Dunlop: the word "Bashqort" comes from ''beshgur'' (or ''bashgur'') which means "five tribes" and, since ''-sh-'' in the modern Bashkir language parallels ''-l-'' in Bulgar, the names ''Bashgur'' and Bulgar are equivalent. * Historian and linguist András Róna-Tas believes the ethonym "Bashkir" is a Bulgar Turkic reflex of the Hungarian self-denomination "Magyar" (Old Hungarian: "Majer"). * Recent ethnographic material collected from the Hormozgan province of Iran has led to the assumption of a possible phonetic relation btween the ethnonym Bashkardi with the selfname of the Bashkirs, giving reasons to suggest ancient Iranian stratum in the Bashkir culture (for Bashkardi people#Ethnonym & ethnic connections ). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bashkirs」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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