|
The Basilidians or Basilideans were a Gnostic sect founded by Basilides of Alexandria in the 2nd century. Basilides claimed to have been taught his doctrines by Glaucus, a disciple of St. Peter. Of the customs of the Basilidians, we know no more than that Basilides enjoined on his followers, like Pythagoras, a silence of five years; that they kept the anniversary of the day of the baptism of Jesus as a feast day〔Clement, ''Stromata''. i. 21 § 18〕 and spent the eve of it in reading; that their master told them not to scruple eating things offered to idols. The sect had three grades – material, intellectual and spiritual – and possessed two allegorical statues, male and female. The sect's doctrines were often similar to those of the Ophites and later Jewish Kabbalism. Basilidianism survived until the end of the 4th century as Epiphanius knew of Basilidians living in the Nile Delta. It was however almost exclusively limited to Egypt, though according to Sulpicius Severus it seems to have found an entrance into Spain through a certain Mark from Memphis. St. Jerome states that the Priscillianists were infected with it. == Cosmogony of Hippolytus == The descriptions of the Basilidian system given by our chief informants, Irenaeus (''Adversus Haereses'') and Hippolytus (''Philosophumena''), are so strongly divergent that they seem to many quite irreconcilable. According to Hippolytus, Basilides was apparently a pantheistic evolutionist; and according to Irenaeus, a dualist and an emanationist. Historians such as Philip Shaff have the opinion that "Irenaeus described a form of Basilidianism which was not the original, but a later corruption of the system. On the other hand, Clement of Alexandria surely, and Hippolytus, in the fuller account of his Philosophumena, probably drew their knowledge of the system directly from Basilides' own work, the Exegetica, and hence represent the form of doctrine taught by Basilides himself".〔''Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series'' page 178, note 7.〕 The fundamental theme of the Basilidian system is the question concerning the origin of evil and how to overcome it.〔Epiphanius, ''Haer''. xxiv. 6〕 A cosmographical feature common to many forms of Gnosticism is the idea that the ''Logos Spermatikos'' is scattered into the sensible cosmos, where it is the duty of the Gnostics, by whatever means, to recollect these scattered seed-members of the Logos and return them to their proper places (cf. the ''Gospel of Eve''). "Their whole system," says Clement, "is a confusion of the ''Panspermia'' (All-seed) with the ''Phylokrinesis'' (Difference-in-kind) and the return of things thus confused to their own places." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basilideans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|