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The Basmyls (''Basmyl''; Basmals, Basmils, Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px, Basmïl,〔(Ethno Cultural Dictionary, TÜRIK BITIG )〕 ) were a 7th–8th century nomadic tribe who mostly inhabited the Dzungaria region in the northwest of modern-day China. According to literary sources, the Basmyls later begame the Argyns of the Middle Juz of modern Kazakhstan. Both "Basmal" and "Argyn" mean "mixed tribe". There is further evidence for their diverse origins in the fact that present-day Argyn males – while they identify as ethnic Kazakhs, a Turkic people – are linked genetically to peoples of the Caucasus and modern Iranians: for instance, five individuals out of a sample of six Argyn males were found to belong to Haplogroup G1. The Basmyls played a prominent role in the Turkic Khaganate from the 6th century, and at one time were the dynastic tribe who led the Khaganate. They later merged with Karluk and Yagma tribes and created the Kara-Khanid state. Basmyls were the first to use the term ''Idyk-kut'', which replaced ''khagan'' in the titles of the Uyghur rulers of Turpan. The second component ''kut/qut'' in the title is often found in Old Turk onomastics and titulature and has the lexical meaning "grace of heaven" or "blessing".〔S.G. Klyashtorny, ''"Ancient Turk Rock Inscriptions in the Talas Ala-Too. A Sogdian Word in an Old Turk Inscription"'', Webfestschrift Marshak 2003, ((Online Article )).〕 In the year 720 CE the dynastic Basmal clan were reported to be concentrated at Beitin (probably Bei Tun), near Gucheng (Qitai), in the Bogda Shan range, and to be Ashina Turks (Ch. 突厥 pinyin Tu-jue).〔''Tszychji tuntszyan''; cited by Zuev Yu.A., ''Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms'' (translation of 8-10th century Chinese ''Tanghuyao''), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 104, 132 〕 Turkic scholar Mahmut Kashgari of the 11th century, lists the Basmyls as one of ten prominent Türkic tribes and enumerates the locations of the Türkic polities from the borders of Greece to the borders of China in the following sequence: Bechen (Badjinak), Kyfchak (Kipchak), Oguz, Yemek (Kimek), Bashgyrt (Bashkort), Basmyl, Kai, Yabaku, Tatars, Kyrgyz. Kashgari also noted that the Kai, Yabaku, Tatar, and ''Basmyl'' tribes are all bilingial, speaking Türkic alongside their own languages, while peoples including the Kyrgyzes, Kyfchaks, and Oguzes have their own Türkic languages, which are related to the languages of the Yemeks and Bashkirts.〔M.Zakiev, ''"Origin of Türks and Tatars"'', p.69, 192, Moscow, "Insan", 2002, ISBN 5-85840-317-4 (In Russian)〕 The Basmals appear to be the "Argons" mentioned by Marco Polo in a country called "Tenduc" (probably Tangut), during the 13th century.〔Marco Polo, 1920, (transl. Henry Yule; ed. by Henri Cordier (''The Travels of Marco Polo'', Book 1, Chapter 59 ) (1920)), London, John Murray.〕 Polo reported that this tribe who had "sprung from two different races: to wit, of the race of the Idolaters of Tenduc and ... the worshippers of Mahommet. They are handsomer men than the other natives of the country, and having more ability, they come to have authority; and they are also capital merchants."〔 ==History== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basmyl」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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