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Passau (previously (ラテン語:Batavis) or ''Batavia'') is a town in Lower Bavaria, Germany. It is also known as the Dreiflüssestadt or "City of Three Rivers," because the Danube is joined at Passau by the Inn from the south and the Ilz from the north. Passau's population is 50,415, of whom about 11,000 are students at the local University of Passau. The university, founded in the late 1970s, is the extension of the Institute for Catholic Studies (Katholisch-Theologische Fakultät) founded in 1622.〔(Wir über uns )〕 It is renowned in Germany for its institutes of economics, law, theology, computer science and Cultural Studies. ==History== In the 2nd century BC, many of the Boii tribe were pushed north across the Alps out of northern Italy by the Romans. They established a new capital called Boiodurum by the Romans (from Gaulish ''Boioduron''), now within the Innstadt district of Passau.〔Collis, John. ''The Celts: Origins, Myth and Inventions''. Tempus Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-7524-2913-2〕 Passau was an ancient Roman colony of ancient Noricum called Batavis, Latin for "for the ''Batavi''." The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe often mentioned by classical authors, and they were regularly associated with the Suebian marauders, the Heruli. During the second half of the 5th century, St. Severinus established a monastery here. In 739, an English monk called Boniface founded the diocese of Passau and this was the largest diocese of the Holy Roman Empire for many years. In the Treaty of Passau (1552), Archduke Ferdinand I, representing Emperor Charles V, secured the agreement of the Protestant princes to submit the religious question to a diet. This led to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555. During the Renaissance and early modern period, Passau was one of the most prolific centres of sword and bladed weapon manufacture in Germany (after Solingen). Passau smiths stamped their blades with the Passau wolf, usually a rather simplified rendering of the wolf on the city's coat-of-arms. Superstitious warriors believed that the Passau wolf conferred invulnerability on the blade's bearer, and thus Passau swords acquired a great premium. According to the ''Donau-Zeitung'', aside from the wolf, some cabalistic signs and inscriptions were added.〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 201〕 As a result, the whole practice of placing magical charms on swords to protect the wearers came to be known for a time as "Passau art." (See Eduard Wagner, ''Cut and Thrust Weapons'', 1969). Other cities' smiths, including those of Solingen, recognized the marketing value of the Passau wolf and adopted it for themselves. By the 17th century, Solingen was producing more wolf-stamped blades than Passau was. In 1662, a devastating fire consumed most of the city. Passau was subsequently rebuilt in the Baroque style. Passau was secularised and divided between the Electorate of Bavaria and the Electorate of Salzburg in 1803. The portion belonging to Salzburg became part of Bavaria in 1805. From 1892 until 1894, Adolf Hitler and his family lived in Passau.〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 20f〕 The city archives mention Hitler being in Passau on four different occasions in the 1920s for speeches. On November 3, 1902 Heinrich Himmler and his family arrived from Munich. They lived at Theresienstraße 394 (currently Theresienstraße 22) until September 2, 1904. Himmler maintained contact with locals until May 1945. In November 1933, the building of ''Nibelungenhalle'' (Hall of the Nibelungs) was announced. Intended to hold 8,000 to 10,000 guests, and another 30,000 in front of it, in 1935 the hall also became quarters for a unit of the ''Austrian Legion''.〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 98-101〕 Beginning in 1934, these troops had occupied a building that belonged to Sigmund Mandl, a Jewish merchant. That building, in turn, was referred to as ''SA barracks''.〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 102f〕 Beginning in 1940, Passau offered the building at Bräugasse 13 to Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle.〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 241ff〕 During World War II, the town also housed three sub-camps of the infamous Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp: Passau I (Oberilzmühle),〔Anna Rosmus ''Hitlers Nibelungen'', Samples Grafenau 2015, pp. 207f〕 Passau II (Waldwerke Passau-Ilzstadt) and Passau III (Jandelsbrunn). On May 3, 1945, a message from Major General Stanley Eric Reinhart’s 261st Infantry Regiment stated at 3:15 am: "AMG Officer has unconditional surrender of PASSAU signed by Burgermeister, Chief of Police and Lt. Col of Med Corps there. All troops are to turn themselves in this morning." It was the site of a post World War II American sector displaced persons camp. On June 2, 2013 the old town suffered from severe flooding as a result of several days of rain and its location at the confluence of three rivers 〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22752544〕 Peak elevations of floods as early as 1501 are displayed on a wall at the Old City Hall.〔Eychaner, J.H. (2015) ''Lessons from a 500-year record of flood elevations '' (Association of State Floodplain Managers, Technical Report 7 ) URL accessed 2015-07-31.〕 Flood water reaches the base of that wall on average once every 5 years.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Passau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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