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|Section2= |Section3= }} Batrachotoxin (BTX) is an extremely potent cardiotoxic and neurotoxic steroidal alkaloid found in certain species of frogs (poison dart frog), melyrid beetles, and birds (''Pitohui'', ''Ifrita kowaldi'', ''Colluricincla megarhyncha''). Batrachotoxin was derived from the Greek word "batrachos" meaning "frog". 〔The Merck Index. Entry 1009 Page 167 〕 Structurally related chemical compounds are often referred to collectively as batrachotoxins. ==History== It was named by scientists John Daly and Bernhard Witkop, who separated the potent toxic alkaloids fraction and determined its chemical properties. Due to the difficulty of handling such a potent toxin and the minuscule amount that could be collected, a comprehensive structure determination involved several difficulties. However, Takashi Tokuyama, who joined the investigation later, converted one of the congener compounds, Batrachotoxinin A, to a crystalline derivative and its unique steroidal structure was solved with x-ray diffraction techniques (1968). When the mass spectrum and NMR spectrum of batrachotoxin and the batrachotoxinin A derivatives were compared, it was realized that the two shared the same steroidal structure and that batrachotoxin was batrachotoxinin A with a single extra pyrrole moiety attached. The structure of batrachotoxin was established in 1969 through chemical recombination of both fragments. Batrachotoxinin A was synthesized by Michio Kurosu, Lawrence R. Marcin, Timothy J. Grinsteiner, and Yoshito Kishi in 1991. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Batrachotoxin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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