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Battle of Maysalun
The Battle of Maysalun ((アラビア語:معركة ميسلون)), also called ''The Battle of Maysalun Pass'', was a battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near the town of Maysalun, about 12 miles west of Damascus, towards the Lebanese border. At the battle, the better equipped and trained French forces decisively defeated the Syrians.
==Background==
Towards the end of World War I and as part of the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, the Sharifian Army led by Emir Faisal, backed by the British Army, captured Damascus from the Ottomans on 30 October 1918. In correspondences between the Sharifian leadership and the British, the latter promised to support the establishment of a Sharifian kingdom in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire in return for launching a revolt against the Ottomans.〔Moubayed, 2012, pp. 6-7.〕 However, the British and French governments made previous arrangements regarding the division of the Ottomans' Arab provinces between themselves in the 1916 Sykes-Picot Agreement.〔
To allay his fears regarding his throne in Syria, Faisal attended the January 1919 Paris Conference, where he was not recognized by the French government as the King of Syria. Faisal called for Syrian sovereignty under his rule,〔Moubayed, 2012, pp. 8-9.〕 but the European powers attending the conference called for European mandates to be established over the Ottomans' former Arab territories.〔Moubayed, 2012, p. 14.〕 In the US-led June 1919 King–Crane Commission, the commission concluded in 1922 that the people of Syria overwhelmingly rejected French rule and Emir Faisal stated to the commission that "French rule would mean certain death to Syrians as a distinguished people".〔Moubayed, 2012, p. 16.〕
An independent Kingdom of Syria was proclaimed in Damascus on 8 March 1920, with Faisal as king. This unilateral action was immediately repudiated by the British and French and the San Remo Conference was called by the Allied Powers in April 1920 to finalise the allocation of mandatess in the Arab territories. This was, in turn, repudiated by Faisal and his supporters. After months of instability and failure to make good on the promises Faisal had made to the French, the commander of French forces General Henri Gouraud on 14 July 1920 gave an ultimatum to Faisal declaring he surrender or fight.〔Eliezer Tauber. The Formation of Modern Syria and Iraq. Frank Cass and Co. Ltd. Portland, Oregon. 1995.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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