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Bay'ah
''Bay‘ah'' ((アラビア語:بَيْعَة), literally a "sale" or a "commercial transaction"), in Islamic terminology, is an oath of allegiance to a leader. It is known to have been practiced by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ''Bay'ah'' is sometimes taken under a written pact given on behalf of the subjects by leading members of the tribe with the understanding that as long as the leader abides by certain requirements towards his people, they are to maintain their allegiance to him. ''Bay'ah'' is still practiced in countries such as Saudi Arabia and Sudan.〔(THE IMPASSE IN THE CIVIL WAR ), Arab Studies Quarterly, Lesch, Ann M., March 22, 2001〕 In Morocco, ''Bay'ah'' is one of the foundations of the Monarchy. In many Islamic traditions, the meaning of ''bay'ah'' is to sell oneself to a spiritual master, pir or sheikh in exchange for the spiritual knowledge which he gives.
== In Islamic history ==
The tradition of ''bay'ah'' can be traced back to the era of Muhammad. From the beginning bay'ah was taken by Muhammad as an oath of allegiance. Anybody who wanted to enter Islam did so by reciting the basic statement of the faith expressing his faith in the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. In addition to this the prophet formally took bay'ah from the people and tribes. Through this formal act they entered the Islamic community and showed their willingness to follow and obey Muhammad. The wordings of the oath differ in different traditions but it contains the ''shahada'' and prayers of repentance.
It is reported that at the occasion of annual gatherings outside Mecca, Muhammad met people from Yathrib, later to be renamed Medina, who accepted his call towards Islam. At this occasion the prophet took bai'ah from them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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