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Bałwan
Bałwan ' or balvan ' – today, literally indistinguishable from everyday word for snowman, is an ancient word common to all Slavic languages, describing a statuesque or monolithic depiction or a pillar or a plinth depicting or erected in honor of a deity. This object was worshipped, or constituted a tangible representation of a cult image. The Western Slavs transcribed and pronounced the word as ''bałwan'' (in American English pronounced: ''BOW'' as in the phrase ''bow-wow'' and ''von'' as in ''Stratford-Upon-Avon'', with the accent on the penultimate (in this case, the first) syllable, as is the typical stress), which is its contemporary and old Polish lexical manifestation, whereas the Southern Slavs and the Eastern Slavs used the just slightly differently-voweled ''bołwan'' (English pronunciation:BOH-van'').〔
The word itself has Sanskrit origins, where it figures as ''bala'' (the force) appended witth the suffix ''-van'' signifying possession of an attribute, thus etymologically ''bałwan'' means ''strong'', ''powerful'', ''mighty''. In the Kyrgyz language of Central Asia, geographically remote from the territories Slavs are today identified with in Europe, ''balvan'' is a "strongman" or a hero, whereas in Persian, ''pahlevān'' denotes a militant or a veteran, as well as the plinth or boundary marker erected in his or her honor, or even a cairn, and, by extension, a fool.〔 That latter meaning, at first secondary, became primary after Christianity was imposed on the Slavs, making ''bałwan'' acquire a distinctly pejorative primary meaning.〔
The historical fact of all Slavs sharing throughout their idioms such as they have evolved apart this single entity -- a common term for all cult objects in the form of a statue or cairn -- might suggest that idolatry spread early among the Slavic peoples, perhaps when they came in contact with Turkic peoples or Iranian.〔 A word with similar etymology is the Slavic word for God (when capitalized) or deity, ''bóg'', itself a Sanskrit derivation of "bhaga"/Iranian or Persian ''bag''. In India the concept of a deity or god is often relayed with the word ''bhagvan'', variously transcribed as ''bhagwan''.〔
A derived term from bałwan is the Slavic word for idolatry: ''bałwochwalstwo''.〔
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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