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The Beecham Group plc was a British pharmaceutical company. It was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. Beecham, after having merged with SmithKline Beckman to become SmithKline Beecham, merged with Glaxo Wellcome to become GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). GSK still uses the Beechams brand name in the UK for its over-the-counter cold and flu relief products.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Get powerful relief from cold & flu symptoms with Beechams )〕 ==History== Beecham was the family business of Thomas Beecham (1820–1907), a chemist. He was the grandfather of the conductor also named Thomas Beecham (1879–1961). As a boy, he worked as a shepherd, selling herbal remedies as a sideline. He then started as a travelling salesman or peddler. Their first product was Beecham's Pills, a laxative, in 1842.〔(GSK History )〕 Subsequent success enabled him to open a shop in Wigan in 1847.〔(Thomas Beecham at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography )〕 Beecham opened its first factory in St. Helens, Lancashire, for the rapid production of medicines in 1859.〔 Under Thomas's son, Sir Joseph Beecham, 1st Baronet (1848–1916), the business expanded, but remained a patent medicine company and engaged in little research. Beecham bought companies for various products, acquiring the Lucozade glucose drink and Macleans to its products in 1938 and, at the same time, introducing the Ribena blackcurrant drink.〔("SmithKline Beecham: History" ), History of Advertising Trust〕 By buying the company manufacturing Brylcreem the following year, it added hair products for men.〔 In 1943, it decided to focus more on improving its research and built Beecham Research Laboratories.〔 In 1945, the company was named Beecham Group Ltd.〔 In 1945, Beecham Research Laboratories Ltd. operated from Brockham Park, Surrey. In the 1950s to 1960s, Beecham, in consort with Bristol-Myers, developed penicillin derivatives: first phenethicillin, then the more potent methicillin (Celbenin). Later, these were followed by ampicillin, cloxacillin and others, as the group focused on pharmaceutical development. In 1953, it bought C.L. Bencard, which specialised in allergy vaccines.〔 In 1959, Brockham Park became famous when Beecham scientists there discovered the penicillin nucleus, 6-APA (6-aminopenicillanic acid);〔(Synthesis of Penicillin: 6-Aminopenicillanic Acid in Penicillin Fermentations F. R. Batchelor, F. P. Doyle, J. H. C. Nayler & G. N. Rolinson )〕 this discovery allowed the synthesis of a number of new semisynthetic penicillins. In 1959, Beecham marketed Broxil (phenethicillin), followed shortly by Celbenin (methicillin), which is active against ''Staphylococcus aureus''. In 1961, Penbritin (ampicillin) hit the market, and soon Beecham's facilities were inadequate for the worldwide demand. A complex at Worthing came on line in the early 1960s to produce phenethicillin, followed by 6-APA, the base for semisynthetic penicillins. In 1971 the S. E. Massengill Company was acquired. In 1972, Beecham launched Amoxil (amoxicillin), which went on to become one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics.〔 In 1973, the Aquafresh toothpaste is launched. In 1977, the Sucrets brand is acquired. In 1981, Augmentin, an antibiotic used to treat an array of bacterial infections, was introduced.〔 In 1982, the Aqua Velva and Geritol brands were acquired from J. B. Williams. In 1986, the Beecham Group sold its numerous soft drink brands including Tango, Top Deck, Corona, Quosh, as well as the UK franchises for Pepsi and 7 Up, to Britvic.〔(Carbonated drinks: a report on the supply by manufacturers of carbonated drinks in the United Kingdom, Chapter 8 para 8.51 )〕 The same year, Beecham acquired Norcliff Thayer from Revlon. In 1989, The Beecham Group plc and SmithKline Beckman merged to form SmithKline Beecham plc.〔 In 2000, SmithKline Beecham and GlaxoWellcome merged to form GlaxoSmithKline.〔(The Glaxo SmithKline merger )〕 A history of the company, ''Beechams, 1848–2000: From Pills to Pharmaceuticals'', written by Thomas Anthony Buchanan Corley, was published in 2011. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beecham Group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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