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The Beisfjord massacre (Norwegian: ''Beisfjord-massakren'') was a massacre on 18 July 1942 in Beisfjord, Norway of 288 political prisoners who were killed at ''Lager I Beisfjord'' (German: "No. 1 camp Beisfjord" - in Norwegian ''Beisfjord fangeleir''). The massacre had been ordered a few days earlier by the ''Reichskommissar'' for Norway Josef Terboven.〔 ==Background== In order to build defences in Norway against the Allies, the Germans brought in around 5,000 Yugoslavian political prisoners and prisoners-of-war — in addition to prisoners of other nationalities — to work as forced labour on infrastructure projects. In the summer of 1942 a number of prisoners started arriving in North Norway as a result of the transfer of prisoners from the new Croatian puppet regime to German authorities who needed manpower for projects in Norway.〔 This acquisition of manpower for projects in Norway was under Organisation Todt ''Einsatzgruppe Wiking''. In 2013 Dagbladet quoted a book author (Knut Flovik Thoresen) saying—in regards to the camps that were to cost the lives of 2,368 Yugoslavs—that "Norwegian () guards' (North Norway ) gruesome violations against Yugoslav prisoners in Norway during the war, were so cruel that I have hardly ever read about more brutal acts". Furthermore, that many of the victims were Serbs from the independent state of Croatia (NDH) —not partisans, but chosen based on ethnicity. In the first deployment of camp guards that were sent to North Norway, some used their bayonets so often "that even the Germans had enough of it". The second group were not issued bayonets, for fear that they would become as blood thirsty.〔 (The guards from these groups came from Hirdvaktbataljonen—a battalion within Hirden,〔 that had the responsibility for guarding the prison camps in North Norway, between June 1942 and April 1943. 500〔 of these guards served at four main camps—''Lager 1 Beisfjord'', ''Lager 2 Elsfjord'', ''Lager 3 Rognan'' and ''Lager 4 Karasjok''—and their satellite prison camps at Korgen, Osen, and at Lake Jernvann on Bjørnfjell.) Many〔 hundreds of Bosnian Muslims were among these prisoners in Norway, but they only figure on a British list from 1945. After they were sent from Norway to Berlin, there is no trace of them, according to the Croatian philosopher Gorona Ognjenovic.〔 Yugoslavia did not want those prisoners back, claims Ognjenovic.〔 The number of individuals victimized by SS-''kommandant'' Hermann Dolp and his German and Norwegian subordinates, might total 3,000 or even 4,000. In 2013 Flovik Thoresen said "You can be sure that if Norwegian prisoners had been exposed to similar (), then many of the perpetrators would have been sentenced to death. Instead most were let off with sentences more lenient than those received by women who served as nurses at the front lines". There were 31 camps between Bergen and Hammerfest during World War II.〔 "()rom June 1942 until March 1943, regularly there were such executions of Yugoslavs (at Beisfjord and Bjørnfjell ) in Norwegian camps. 27 prisoners were shot at Ulven near Bergen, and 26 were shot in Tromsø during a ship's arrival. In both cases, the prisoners were told that the sick were going to hospital. In the Karaskjok camp, () in Botn, in Korgen and in the Osen camps, groups of 10 to 50 sick prisoners were removed from the camps and shot. The SS cleaned out the infirmaries in this manner", according to the website of ''HL-senteret'' (Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities).〔 The involvement of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration was revealed in a 2014 ''Dagsavisen'' article: "The camps were built by the Public Roads Administration".〔 Furthermore, that the road work was led by the Public Roads Administration, "was more the rule, rather than the exception".〔 Furthermore, the agency's "employees were facilitators and witnesses—not executioners".〔 In November 1941 blueprints and descriptions for the construction of the prison camps were sent from the Directorate of Public Roads.〔 Furthermore, in the "early stage, we only know of one small protest: the" agency "refused to feed the prisoners. This was done by a lie": The agency claimed that it was not common for the agency to feed their road workers.〔 Furthermore, Anders Fagerbakk's dissertation says that ''Helgoland veikontor''—a local office of the agency—sent a letter of complaint to Directorate of Public Roads, a few days after Yugoslavians were put to work on road construction: The engineer in charge reported that "Norwegian road workers became restless and nervous, as a result of working with the Yugoslavians. The Yugoslavians were being fed starvation rations, and they lacked () clothing".〔 In later reporting from the village Karasjok, the description "skin and bones" was used about Yugoslavian prisoners constructing roads. Furthermore, "after the war, everyone in the Public Roads Administration denied involvement with the Yugoslavian prisoners."〔 Reactions to the involvement of the agency, includes (in 2014) "Still, no one has asked: Could they have stopped the mass murders?"; could the agency "have done more—could it have been avoided?"〔 "That the Public Roads Administration were early out to accept the use POWs on the agency's construction projects, opened for others—such as the State Railways—to flag their interest for this contoversial manpower", according to a 2015 Klassekampen article. "As many as 150 000 foreign POWs, political prisoners and forced laborers were in Norway between 1941 and 1945. Over 13 700 died. The majority performed heavy labour construction work on Nordland Line, Highway 50 (() E6 ) thru North Norway, fortifications and airports." The largest group of prisoners were Soviets, followed by Poles and Yugoslavs. The Yugoslavs worked on the following roads: "The Blood Road—''Blodveien''—from Rognan to Langsølet, Elsfjord—Korgen, on the Bjørnefjell Road towards Kiruna and on the road between Karasjok and the Finnish Border". "The Germans prioritized access to iron ore mines in Kiruna and the nickel mines in Petsamo", rather than following plans of the NPRA.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Beisfjord massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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