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Bel canto (Italian for "beautiful singing" or "beautiful song", ), along with a number of similar constructions ("bellezze del canto"/"bell'arte del canto"), is a term relating to Italian singing. It has several different meanings and is subject to a wide variety of interpretations.〔Stark 2003, p. ?〕 The words were not associated with a "school" of singing until the middle of the 19th century, when writers in the early 1860s used it nostalgically to describe a manner of singing that had begun to wane around 1830.〔Toft, ''Bel Canto: A Performer's Guide'', pp. 3–4〕 Nonetheless, "neither musical nor general dictionaries saw fit to attempt () definition (bel canto ) until after 1900". The term remains vague and ambiguous in the 21st century and is often used to evoke a lost singing tradition.〔Duey 1951, p. ?〕 ==History of the term and its various definitions== As generally understood today, the term ''bel canto'' refers to the Italian-originated vocal style that prevailed throughout most of Europe during the 18th century and early 19th centuries. Late 19th- and 20th-century sources "would lead us to believe that ''bel canto'' was restricted to beauty and evenness of tone, ''legato'' phrasing, and skill in executing highly florid passages, but contemporary documents (of the late 18th and early 19th centuries ) describe a multifaceted manner of performance far beyond these confines."〔Toft, ''Bel Canto: A Performer's Guide'', 2013, p. 4〕 The main features of the ''bel canto'' style were:〔 * prosodic singing (use of accent and emphasis) * matching register and tonal quality of the voice to the emotional content of the words * a highly articulated manner of phrasing based on the insertion of grammatical and rhetorical pauses * a delivery varied by several types of ''legato'' and ''staccato'' * a liberal application of more than one type of ''portamento'' * ''messa di voce'' as the principal source of expression (Domenico Corri called it the "soul of music" – ''The Singer's Preceptor'', 1810, vol. 1, p. 14) * frequent alteration of tempo through rhythmic ''rubato'' and the quickening and slowing of the overall time * the introduction of a wide variety of graces and divisions into both arias and recitatives * gesture as a powerful tool for enhancing the effect of the vocal delivery * ''vibrato'' primarily reserved for heightening the expression of certain words and for gracing longer notes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bel canto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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