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''Belonogaster'' (''belone'' - "needle", ''gaster'' - "belly") is a large genus of mainly Afrotropical quasisocial wasps, although some species occur in Arabia and two extend as far as India.〔O. W. Richards, 1982 A revision of the genus ''Belonogaster'' de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 44(2): 31-114〕 They have characteristics of both the eusocial and the solitary wasps.〔http://www.earthlife.net/insects/socwasps.html〕 ''Belonogaster'' constructs communal paper nests where the grubs are fed on masticated, soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars.〔http://www.waspweb.org/Vespoidea/Vespidae/Vespinae/Belonogaster/index.htm〕 The type species is ''Belonogaster juncea'',〔 which consists of two subspecies: ''Belonogaster juncea colonialis'' and ''Belonogaster juncea juncea''.〔http://www.waspweb.org/Vespoidea/Vespidae/Polistinae/Belonogaster/Belonogaster_juncea.htm〕 ''Belanogaster'' wasps are an important food source for wintering European honey buzzards (''Pernis apivorus'') in sub-Saharan Africa.〔http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/130.pdf〕 In African traditional medicine, wasps of the genus are cooked with plant roots and consumed to cure various childhood sicknesses, as well as having ceremonial use similar to that of honey bees (''Apis mellifera'').〔O. A. Lawal and A. D. Banjo, 2007. Survey for the Usage of Arthropods in Traditional Medicine in Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Entomology, 4: 104–112.〕 Some birds choose to build their nests near the nests of ''Belonogaster'' for protection, including mousebirds and weavers.〔http://www.lynxeds.com/family-text/hbw-6-family-text-coliidae-mousebirds〕 The following species are included:〔 *''Belonogaster abyssinica'' Buysson, 1906 *''Belonogaster acaulis'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster adenensis'' Giordani Soika, 1957 *''Belonogaster apicalis'' Saussure, 1900 *''Belonogaster arabica'' Giordani Soika, 1958 *''Belonogaster atrata'' Schulthess, 1912 *''Belonogaster aurata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster barbata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster bicolor'' Saussure, 1900 *''Belonogaster bimaculata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster brachystoma'' Kohl, 1894 *''Belonogaster brevipetiolata'' Saussure, 1891 *''Belonogaster brevitarsus'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster brunnea'' Ritsema, 1874 *''Belonogaster brunnescens'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster clypeata'' Kohl, 1894 *''Belonogaster dubia'' Kohl, 1894 *''Belonogaster eumenoides'' Saussure, 1891 *''Belonogaster facialis'' Buysson, 1908 *''Belonogaster ferruginea'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster filiventris'' (Saussure, 1853) *''Belonogaster flava'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster freyi'' Buysson, 1909 *''Belonogaster fuscipennis'' Buysson, 1909 *''Belonogaster grisea'' (Fabricius, 1775) *''Belonogaster guerini'' (Saussure, 1853) *''Belonogaster hildebrandti'' Saussure, 1891 *''Belonogaster hirsuta'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster jordani'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster juncea'' (Fabricius, 1781) *''Belonogaster keiseri'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster kelnerpillautae'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster kohli'' Schulz, 1906 *''Belonogaster lateritia'' Gerstaecker, 1855 *''Belonogaster leonhardii'' Buysson, 1909 *''Belonogaster leonina'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster levior'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster libera'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster longitarsus'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster macilenta'' (Fabricius, 1781) *''Belonogaster maculata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster madecassa'' (Saussure, 1853) *''Belonogaster maromandia'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster meneliki'' Gribodo, 1879 *''Belonogaster multipunctata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster neavei'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster nigricans'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster nitida'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster pennata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster petiolata'' (Degeer, 1778) *''Belonogaster pileata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster prasina'' Saussure, 1891 *''Belonogaster principalis'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster punctata'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster punctilla'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster pusilloides'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster rothkirchi'' Schulthess, 1914 *''Belonogaster saeva'' Saussure, 1891 *''Belonogaster saussurei'' Kirby, 1881 *''Belonogaster somereni'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster tarsata'' Kohl, 1893 *''Belonogaster turbulenta'' Kohl, 1894 *''Belonogaster turgida'' Kohl, 1894 *''Belonogaster ugandae'' Richards, 1982 *''Belonogaster vasseae'' Buysson, 1906 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Belonogaster」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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