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Benwell is an area in the West End of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. ==History== Benwell village was recorded in A.D. 1050 known as ''Bynnewalle'' which roughly translates as "behind the wall" or "by the wall". Referring to its position relative to Hadrian's Wall (next to which was the Roman fort of Condercum,〔Pastscape, English Heritage National Monuments Record. ("Condercum Fort" ), accessed 17 May 2011.〕 hence the nearby Condercum Road). At this time it was part of the Barony of Bolbec.〔The Baronies of Bolbec, Archaeologia Aeliana, 3, XXI, p. 146〕 By the 13th century the medieval manor of Benwell had been subdivided, originally into two, but then one of the halves was further subdivided. So, although people usually refer to the three sections of Benwell Manor as ‘thirds’, this gives a misleading impression, because one of the ‘thirds’ was larger and wealthier than the other two. This third belonged to the Scot family, who were wealthy merchants from Newcastle and by 1296 they were the principal taxpayers in Benwell. The Scot family later went on to create a deer park in 1367, which later became Scotswood. In the 16th century Benwell village was arranged in two rows of houses on either side of a wide street or green. A plain oblong tower, three storeys high with battlements around the roof was also recorded as being built.〔http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/1927.html〕 In 1540, the crown (Henry VIII), took possession of Benwell Tower from Tynemouth Priory when it dissolved the monasteries. Early in the 17th century, Benwell was split into smaller estates which were bought by the Shafto and Riddell families who were merchant families interested in exploiting the coal reserves on the banks of the Tyne. Benwell Colliery was opened in 1766 and operated until 1938.〔http://www.dmm.org.uk/colliery/b061.htm〕 The original layout of Benwell exists in the form of Benwell Village, Benwell Lane, Ferguson's Lane and Fox and Hounds Lane however no buildings still exist other than from the early 19th century. The tower from the 16th century was rebuilt in the 18th century and then all traces were removed when the present hall, Benwell Towers was built in a Tudor style by John Dobson in 1831.〔http://www.twsitelines.info/smr/9042〕 Benwell Towers featured in the BBC television show ''Byker Grove''.〔http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/nov/08/byker-grove-islamic-school〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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