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Brest ((ベラルーシ語:Брэст ''Brest'') or traditionally Берасце, ''Bieraście''; (ロシア語:Брест ''Brest''); (リトアニア語:Brestas), earlier name ''Lietuvos Brasta'' (literally, 'Lithuanian Ford'); (ポーランド語:Brześć); , traditionally Берестя ''Berestia''; (イディッシュ語:בריסק) ''Brisk''), formerly also Brest-on-the-Bug and Brest-Litovsk ("Брэст-Лiтоўск" in Belarusian, literally "Lithuanian Brest"), is a city (population 310,800 in 2010) in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish city of Terespol, where the Bug River and Mukhavets rivers meet. It is the capital city of the Brest voblast. The city of Brest is a historic site of many cultures. Here were concluded such important historical documents as the Union of Brest and Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The city fortress was recognized by the Soviet Union as the Hero Fortress, a unique award. The city, during medieval times, was part of the Kingdom of Poland from the tenth century until 1319 when it was taken by Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the Polish Partitions, when it became part of the Russian Empire in 1795. After World War I, the city again returned to sovereign Poland. During World War II the city was first taken by the Soviets and in 1941 by the Nazis. After the war, with the new boundaries of the Soviet Union with Poland, the city became part of the Soviet BSSR until the breakup of the country in 1991, placing the city in the custody of Belarus, where it remains today. == City name == There are several theories of the city name origin. The most common are as follows. The name of the city might have come from the Slavic root ''beresta'' meaning birch, or bark. The name of the city could also originate from the Slavic root ''berest'' meaning elm. And finally, the name of the city could have come from the Lithuanian word ''brasta'' meaning ford.〔Encyclopedia Lituanica. Boston, Massachusetts, Vol. I, p.409. LCC74-114275〕 Once a center of Jewish scholarship, the city's name in Yiddish, is בריסק (''Brisk''), hence the term "Brisker" used to describe followers of the influential Soloveitchik family of rabbis. The traditional Belarusian name for the city is Берасце (''Bieraście''). The Polish name for the city is Brześć, historically Brześć Litewski before the Partitions of Poland. In the Second Polish Republic the city was renamed as Brześć nad Bugiem (Brest on the Bug) on March 20, 1923.〔Kancelaria Sejmu RP (2013), (Dz.U. 1923 nr 39 poz. 269 ) ISAP Archive. Link to PDF document.〕 The coat of arms features an arrow pointed upwards and a bow on a sky blue shield. It was adopted on January 26, 1991. Alternative coat of arms has a red shield, the first coat of arms of Brest was given by king Sigismund II Augustus in 1554. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brest, Belarus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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