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Betanodavirus
Betanodavirus or nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is a viral genus classified in the family Nodaviridae. It contains four recognized species: ''Barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus'' (BFNNV), ''Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus''(RGNNV), ''Striped Jack nervous necrosis virus'' (SJNNV) and ''Tiger puffer nervous necrosis virus'' (TPNNV), SJNNV being the type species. There are other 12 tentative species in the genus that haven't been recognized by the ICTV.〔C.M. Fauquet, M.A.M., J. Manilof, U. Desselberger, L.A. Ball, ed. (2005). Virus Taxonomy (San Diego, California, USA, Elsevier Academic Press)〕 Betanodaviruses cause a disease in fish called viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER).
==Properties==
Betanodaviruses are small single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses, non-enveloped and spherical. The average diameter of the viral capsid is only 37 nm. Its RNA strand is split in two sections RNA1 and RNA2 that together account for 3.5 kbp (approx) that encode 3 genes.〔Mori, K.-I., Nakai, T., Muroga, K., Arimoto, M., Mushiake, K., and Furusawa, I. (1992). Properties of a new virus belonging to nodaviridae found in larval striped jack (Pseudocaranx dentex) with nervous necrosis. Virology 187, 368–371.〕 Betanodavires can be inactivated by contact with 50ppm of chlorine and iodine for 10 min, 50% and 60% of ethanol and methanol respectively, high alkalinities (pH12), heat treatment (60‹›C for 30 min), UV radiation and ozonation. However they are resistant to Chloroform, ether and formalin.〔Arimoto, M., Sato, J., Maruyama, K., Mimura, G., and Furusawa, I. (1996). Effect of chemical and physical treatments on the inactivation of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV). Aquaculture 143, 15–22.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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