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Bey (/Bey, (アラビア語:بك) / ''Bek'', (ペルシア語:بگ) / ''Beg'' or ''Beyg'') is a Turkish title for chieftain, traditionally applied to the leaders (for men) of small tribal groups. The feminine equivalent title was Begum. The regions or provinces where "beys" ruled or which they administered were called ''beylik'', roughly meaning "emirate" or "principality" in the first case, "province" or "governorate" in the second (the equivalent of duchy in other parts of Europe). Today, the word is still used informally as a social title for men (somewhat like the English word "mister" and the French word ''monsieur'', which literally means "my lord"). Unlike "mister" however, it follows the name and is used generally with first names and not with last names. ==Etymology== The word entered English from Turkish ''bey'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bey )〕 itself derived from Old Turkic ''beg'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bey )〕 which - in the form ''bäg'' - has been mentioned as early as in the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) and is usually translated as "tribal leader".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Beg )〕 The dialect variations ''bäk'', ''bek'', ''bey'', ''biy'', ''bi'', and ''pig'' all derive from the Old Turkic form. The actual origin of the word is still disputed, though it is mostly agreed that it was a loan-word,〔 in Old Turkic.〔("Bey" ) in ''Nişanyan Dictionary''〕 This Turkic word is usually considered a borrowing from an Iranian language.〔Alemko Gluhak (1993), ''Hrvatski etimološki rječnik'', August Cesarec: Zagreb, pp.123-124〕〔 However, German Turkologist Gerhard Doerfer assessed the derivation from Iranian as superficially attractive but quite uncertain,〔 and pointed out the possibility that the word may be genuinely Turkic.〔 Two principal etymologies have been proposed by scholars: # the Middle Persian title ''bag'' (also ''baγ'' or ''βaγ'',〔 Old Iranian ''baga''; cf. Sanskrit भग / ''bhaga'') meaning "lord" and "master".〔 Peter Golden derives the word via Sogdian ''bġy'' from the same Iranian root.〔〔P. Golden, "Turks and Iranians: An historical sketch", in S. Agcagül/V. Karam/L. Johanson/C. Bulut, ''Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects'', Harrassowit, 2006, p. 19ff〕 All Middle Iranian languages retain forms derived from ''baga-'' in the sense "god": Middle Persian ''bay'' (plur. ''bayān'', ''baʾān''), Parthian ''baγ'', Bactrian ''bago'', Sogdian ''βγ-'',〔 and were used as honorific titles of kings and other men of high rank in the meaning of "lord".〔 The Iranian ''bāy'' (through connection with Old Indian noun ''bhāgá'' "possessions, lot"〔) gave Turkish word ''bai'' (rich), whence Mongol name ''Bayan'' (rich).〔〔 # the Chinese title ''pö'' (the older form being ''pök'' or ''pak''; according to Edwin Pulleyblank ''perjk''), meaning ''older brother'' and ''feudal lord'', often lower members of the aristocracy.〔 What is certain is that the word has no connections to Turkish ''berk'', "strong" (Mongolian ''berke''), or Turkish ''bögü'', "shaman" (Mong. ''böge'').〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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