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Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale ((:dʒəɾnɛl sɪ́ŋɡ pɪ̀ɳɖɾɑ̃ʋɑɭe), born Jarnail Singh Brar〔Singh, Sandeep. "(Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale (1947) )". Sikh-history.com. Retrieved 18 March 2007〕 (12 February 1947 – 6 June 1984)) was the leader of the Damdami Taksal (a Sikh religious group) and is notable for his support of the Anandpur Sahib Resolution. He advocated against the consumption of liquor, drugs and laxness in religious practices, such as the cutting of Kesh by Sikh youth.〔''Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia'' by Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah (1996). University of California Press. Page 143-144. ISBN 978-0-520-20642-7.〕 He strongly condemned the Indian constitution's Article 25 declaring minorities such as Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists as part of Hinduism. In the summer of August 1982, Bhindranwale and the Akali Dal launched the Dharam Yudh Morcha (battle for righteousness), with its stated aims being the fulfillment of a list of demands based on the Anandpur Sahib Resolution. Thousands of people joined the movement in the hopes of acquiring a larger share of irrigation water and the return of Chandigarh to Punjab. Bhindranwale has been noted for strongly opposing prime minister Indira Gandhi for alleged policies against Punjab during Dharam Yudh Morcha (battle for righteousness). Later that year she ordered the attack on Golden Temple, Sikhism's most sacred Gurdwara, in Amritsar on the martyrdom anniversary of 5th Sikh Guru, Guru Arjan when the complex had pilgrims. Since his death, Bhindranwale has remained a controversial figure in Indian history. While the Sikhs' highest temporal authority Akal Takht describe him a great martyr of the Sikh Nation, who made supreme sacrifice for the sake of faith, the Indian government views him as an extremist.〔 Although Bhindranwale has often been associated with the Khalistan movement, he neither opposed nor supported the formation of Khalistan:〔''Globalization and Religious nationalism in India: The Search for Ontological Security'' by Catarina Kinnvall. Routledge, ISBN 978-1-134-13570-7. Page 119〕〔Sandhu (1999), p. LVI.〕 in an interview, he stated that "we like to live together, we like to live in India", but did not object to the state's hypothetical creation.〔〔''Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi's last battle'' by Mark Tully. Pan in association with Cape, 1986. ISBN 978-0-330-29434-8.〕 However, he did consider Sikhs as "a distinct nation".〔Paul Spickard, Race and Nation, ethnic systems in the modern world, A Race Apart? The paradox of Sikh ethnicity and Nationalism, Taylor and Francis Group Press, 1996, pp. 299–319〕〔Bhindranwala Tigers Force of Khalistan〕 ==Early life== Bhindranwale was born in the village of Rode, in Moga District located in the region of Malwa. The Grandson of Sardar Harnam Singh Brar, His father, Joginder Singh Brar, was a farmer and a local Sikh leader and his mother was Nihal Kaur.〔 Jarnail Singh was the seventh of seven brothers and one sister. He was brought up as a strict vegetarian. In 1965, he was enrolled by his father at the Damdami Taksal, a religious school, near Moga, Punjab, then headed by Gurbachan Singh Khalsa.〔 After a one-year course in Sikh studies he returned to farming again. He continued his studies under Kartar Singh, who was the new head of the Taksal. He quickly became the favourite student of Kartar Singh. Kartar Singh was fatally injured in a car accident and nominated Bhindranwale as his successor, in preference to his son Amrik Singh. Amrik Singh later became close associate of Bhindranwale.〔Tully, p. 54〕 He married Pritam Kaur, the daughter of Sucha Singh of Bilaspur.〔 The couple had two sons, Ishar and Inderjit Singh, in 1971 and 1975, respectively.〔 Pritam Kaur died of heart ailment at age 60, on 15 September 2007 in Jalandhar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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