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Bhumika
Bhumika (Sanskrit: भूमिका) is derived from the word, ''Bhūmi'', which means – the earth, soil, ground, land, a site, situation, land, a story, character or part or situation. The word, ''Bhūmikā'', refers to a tablet or board for writing, subject, object or a receptacle, theatrical dress or an actor’s costume, decoration of an image, a preface or introduction to a book.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author=Vaman Shivram Apte )〕
According to the ''Sthaviravāda Saravastivada'' tradition of Buddhism amongst the 49/52 mental factors (''Bhūmikās'') are the ten ''mahā-bhūmikās'' which are common to all consciousness are – '' Vedanā '' (feeling), '' Saññā '' (perception), '' Cetanā '' (volition), '' Phassa '' (contact), '' Chanda '' (desire to act), '' Paññā '' (wisdom), '' Sati '' (mindfulness), '' Manasikāra '' (attention), '' Adhimokkha '' (decision), '' Samādhi '' (mental concentration)or '' Ekaggata '' (one-pointedness),
The Upanishads speak about the seven ''bhūmikās'' or ''jñānabhūmis'' (fields of knowledge) or the seven stages of development of wisdom, and about the four kinds of ''jivanmuktas''. In Chapter IV of the Varahā Upanishad, with regard to the characteristics of ''jivanmukti'', Ribhu tells Nigadha that the first ''bhūmikā'' or stage of development is ''subhechchha'' or good desires; the second ''bhūmikā'' is ''vichārāna'' or inquiry; the third ''bhūmikā'' is ''tanumānasī'' or pertaining to the thinned mind; the fourth ''bhūmikā'' is ''sattvāpatti'' or the attainment of ''sattva''; the fifth ''bhūmikā'' is ''asamśakti'' or non-attachment; the sixth ''bhūmikā'' is ''padārthabhāvanā'' or analysis of objects, and the seventh ''bhūmikā'' is ''turiya '' or the final stage. Nigadha is also told that the bhūmikā which is of the form of ''pranava '' is formed of ''akāra'', ''ukāra'', ''makāra'' and the ''ardhamātra''. The ''turiya'' essence of ''akāra'' embraces the first, second and the third ''bhūmikās'' whose function is called ''mumukshu''; the ''turiya'' essence of ''ukāra'' embraces the fourth bhūmikā when the mind is firmly fixed on the non-dual and is called ''brahmavit''; the ''turiya'' essence of ''makāra'' embraces the fifth ''bhūmikā'' or ''sushuptipada'' (dreamless sleep) and is called ''brahmavidvara''; the ''turiya'' essence of ''ardhamātra'' embraces the sixth ''bhūmikā'' (dreamless state) and is called ''brahmavidvariya'', beyond which is the seventh ''bhūmikā'' or ''gudhasupti'' and is called ''brahmavidvarishta'' when one remains in the secondless state without fear and with his consciousness almost annihilated.
Yajna bhumika is the altar on which Vedic rituals are conducted.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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