|
Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers. In English and other European languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words, such as ''unicycle – bicycle – tricycle'', ''dyad – triad – decade, biped – quadruped, September – October – November – December, decimal – hexadecimal, sexagenarian – octogenarian, centipede – millipede'', etc. There are two principal systems, taken from Latin and Greek, each with several subsystems; in addition, Sanskrit occupies a marginal position.〔See Mendeleev's predicted elements for the most common use of Sanskrit numerical prefixes.〕 There is also an international set of metric prefixes, which are used in the metric system, and which for the most part are either distorted from the forms below or not based on actual number words. == Table of number prefixes in English == In the following prefixes, a final vowel is normally dropped before a root that begins with a vowel, with the exceptions of ''bi-,'' which is ''bis-'' before a vowel, and of the other monosyllables, ''du-, di-, dvi-, tri-,'' which are invariable. The ''cardinal'' series are derived from cardinal numbers, such as the English ''one, two, three.'' The ''multiple'' series are based on adverbial numbers like the English ''once, twice, thrice.'' The ''distributives'' originally meant ''one each, two each'' or ''one by one, two by two,'' etc., though that meaning is now frequently lost. The ''ordinal'' series is based on ordinal numbers such as the English ''first, second, third''. For numbers higher than 2, the ordinal forms are also used for fractions; only the fraction ½ has special forms. For the hundreds, there are competing forms: those in ''-gent-'', from the original Latin, and those in ''-cent-'', derived from ''centi-'' etc. plus the prefixes for 1–9. ''Sesqui-'' is used in Latin combinations for (e.g. ''sesquicentennial'') and ''quasqui-'' for ; ''multi-'' and ''poly-'' are used in Latin and Greek combinations, respectively, for 'many' (multilateral, polygon). * The same suffix may be used with more than one series: : In chemical nomenclature, 11 is generally mixed Latin-Greek ''undeca-'', and the 20s are based on ''-cos-'', for example ''tricos-'' for 23. Similarly, numerical bases shift systems between ''binary, trinary, senary'' and ''octal, decimal, vigesimal''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Numeral prefix」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|