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Bibans
The Bibans or Biban Range ((アラビア語:البيبان), Kabylian: ''Tiggoura'',〔(Kabylie )〕 (フランス語:Chaîne des Bibans) or ''Les Bibans'') are a chain of mountains in northern Algeria, bordering the south of Kabylie.
==Geography==
The highest summits are 1862 m high Mansoura (جبل منصورة) and 1832 m high Choukchout (جبل شوكشوط). Located to the east of the Blidean Atlas and to the west of the Hodna Mountains, the Bibans are a subrange of the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountain System.〔(L'Atlas Tellien - Chapitre III (Géologie locale) )〕
The strategic Iron Gates mountain passes are located in the range and gave their name to the Biban Mountains. The main gorge is the deep Bab al-Kabir (Big Door), cut by the Ouadi Chebba, through which the railway line between Algiers and Constantine passes. The Bab al-Saghir (Little Door) of the Oadi Buktun is located 3.5 km to the east.〔(Charles Nodier, ''Journal de l'Expédition des Portes de Fer'' )〕
Some authors claim that the range was known as ''El Ouennougha'' before the French colonization of Algeria.〔Youssef Benoudjit, ''La Kalaa des Béni Abbès : au xvie siècle,'' Dahlab, 1997, ISBN 9961611322〕 Traditionally these mountains have been populated by Kabyle people. In present days the Kabyle populations are found in the centre and the eastern part of the range, while the western end is home to Arabophone communities. Local people use to practice goat rearing and beekeeping, as well as growing olives for the production of olive oil. Ancient oil mills have been preserved in certain villages.〔(Ouled Sidi Brahim Les Bibans Algeria )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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