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Bicoid (gene)
Bicoid is a maternal effect gene whose protein concentration gradient patterns the anterior-posterior axis during Drosophila embryogenesis. Bicoid was also the first protein demonstrated to act as a morphogen.
== Role of Bicoid in axial patterning ==
''bicoid'' mRNA is actively localized to the anterior of the fruit fly egg during oogenesis〔St. Johnston D, Driever W, Berleth T, Richstein S, Nusslein-Volhard C (1989). Multiple steps in the localization of ''bicoid'' RNA to the anterior pole of the ''Drosophila'' oocyte. ''Development'' 107 Suppl: 13–19.〕 along microtubules and retained there through association with cortical actin. Translation of ''bicoid'' is regulated by its 3' UTR and begins after egg deposition: diffusion and convection within the syncytium produce an exponential gradient of Bicoid protein〔 within roughly one hour, after which Bicoid nuclear concentrations remain approximately constant through cellularization. An alternative model proposes the formation of a ''biocid'' mRNA gradient in the embryo along cortical microtubules which then serves as template for translation of the Bicoid protein to form the Bicoid protein gradient.〔Structure of the segmentation gene paired and the Drosophila PRD gene set as part of a gene network. Frigerio G, Burri M, Bopp D, Baumgartner S, Noll M. Cell. 1986 Dec 5;47(5):735-46.〕〔Formation of the bicoid morphogen gradient: an mRNA gradient dictates the protein gradient. Spirov A, Fahmy K, Schneider M, Frei E, Noll M, Baumgartner S. Development. 2009 Feb;136(4):605-14. doi: 10.1242/dev.031195.〕〔αTubulin 67C and Ncd are essential for establishing a cortical microtubular network and formation of the Bicoid mRNA gradient in Drosophila. Fahmy K, Akber M, Cai X, Koul A, Hayder A, Baumgartner S. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 12;9(11):e112053. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112053. eCollection 2014.〕 Bicoid protein represses the translation of caudal mRNA and enhanced the transcription of anterior gap genes including hunchback, orthodenticle, and buttonhead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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