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Bicêtre Hospital
The Bicêtre Hospital is located in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, which is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It lies 4.5 km (2.8 miles) from the center of Paris. The Bicêtre Hospital was originally planned as a military hospital, with construction begun in 1634. With the help of Vincent de Paul, it was finally opened as an orphanage in 1642. It was incorporated into the ''Hôpital Général'' in 1656. In 1823, it was called the ''Hospice de la Vieillesse Hommes''. In 1885, it was renamed the ''Hospice de Bicêtre''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hopital-bicetre.aphp.fr/44-2/ )〕 In its history it has been used successively and simultaneously as an orphanage, a prison, a lunatic asylum, and a hospital. Its most notorious guest was the Marquis de Sade.〔http://europaphe.aphp.fr/en/f_idf_bice.html〕〔http://www.mdx.ac.uk/www/study/mhhtim.htm〕
The ''Bicêtre'' is most famous as the ''Asylum de Bicêtre'' where Superintendent Philippe Pinel is credited as being the first to introduce humane methods into the treatment of the mentally ill, in 1793.
The ''Bicêtre'' is referenced in ''The Birth of the Asylum'' from Foucault's ''Madness and Civilization.'' In it, Pinel's methods are classified as more devious than humane.
==See also==
* Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital
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