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Bifidobacterium
''Bifidobacterium'' is a genus of Gram-positive, nonmotile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth (''B. dentium'') of mammals, including humans. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon flora in mammals. Some bifidobacteria are used as probiotics.
Before the 1960s, ''Bifidobacterium'' species were collectively referred to as "''Lactobacillus bifidus''".
==History==
In 1899, Henry Tissier, a French pediatrician at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, isolated a bacterium characterised by a Y-shaped morphology ("bifid") in the intestinal flora of breast-fed infants and named it "bifidus". In 1907, Elie Metchnikoff, deputy director at the Pasteur Institute, propounded the theory that lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to human health.〔 Metchnikoff observed that the longevity of Bulgarian peasants was the result of their consumption of fermented milk products. Elie Metchnikoff also suggested that ''“oral administration of cultures of fermentative bacteria would implant the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract”''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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