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''Billboard'' (stylized as billboard) is an American music magazine, originally headquartered in New York City, New York and now owned by Prometheus Global Media. It was first published on November 1, 1894. It is distinguished as being among the oldest trade magazines in the world. The magazine originally focused on bill posting and outdoor amusements before specializing in the music industry in the 1950s. ''Billboard'' maintains several internationally recognized record charts, which track the most popular songs and albums across several categories on a weekly basis. Its primary charts are the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and the ''Billboard'' 200, respectively, ranking the top songs and albums regardless of genre. Song rankings are based on digital download sales, radio airplay, and internet streaming. Albums were based solely on sales until 2014. Its data are largely based on the Nielsen SoundScan tracking system, which it has used since 1991. ==History== ''Billboard'' was founded in Cincinnati on November 1, 1894, by William H. Donaldson and James Hennegan. Originally titled ''Billboard Advertising'' it was a trade paper for the bill posting industry, hence the magazine's name.〔 Within a few years of its founding, it began to carry news of outdoor amusements, a major consumer of billboard space. Eventually, ''Billboard'' became the paper of record for circuses, carnivals, amusement parks, fairs, vaudeville, minstrels, whale shows and other live entertainment. The magazine began coverage of motion pictures in 1909 and of radio in the 1920s. The first music connections were the Billboard sheet music best sellers and top songs in vaudeville theaters charts, published in 1913, but they were not yet regular charts. With the development of the jukebox industry during the 1930s, ''The Billboard'' began publishing music charts. Originally, there were only three genre-specific charts: Pop, Rhythm & Blues, and Country & Western. In the 1950s, it introduced a section covering the television industry, including ratings charts for programs. It continued to carry news of fairs, carnivals, theme parks, and other outdoor entertainments until 1961 when these departments were spun off into a new weekly magazine called ''Amusement Business''. By this time, the television coverage had also been moved to a separate publication. At the start of 1961, ''The Billboard'' was renamed ''Billboard Music Week''. The publication was now devoted almost entirely to the music industry, with some coverage of coin-operated vending and entertainment machines on its jukebox pages. The title was changed to simply ''Billboard'' at the start of 1963. In 2005, the magazine and its web sites were repositioned to provide coverage of all forms of digital and mobile entertainment. ''Amusement Business'' prospered for a few decades, but was struggling by the beginning of the 21st century. Shortly after then its frequency of publication was reduced to monthly and it finally ceased publication following its May 2006 issue. For many years, the weekly syndicated radio program ''American Top 40'', hosted by Casey Kasem (July 4, 1970 to August 6, 1988), and Shadoe Stevens (August 13, 1988 to January 28, 1995), played the top 40 songs on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 chart in reverse order; in late November 1991, it switched to using the top 40 portion of the Hot 100 Airplay chart. Later, in early 1993, it began using the Top 40 Mainstream chart until it temporarily went off the air in 1995. When the show returned in 1998, it no longer used ''Billboard'' charts as its source, instead relying on Mediabase charts based purely on radio airplay. A country music version of ''American Top 40'', called ''American Country Countdown'', has been on the air since October 1973. The show is hosted each week by Kix Brooks of the country duo Brooks & Dunn, who replaced radio legend Bob Kingsley in January 2006. ''American Country Countdown'' used the top 40 songs of the Hot Country Songs chart until August 2009. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Billboard (magazine)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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