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Billerica, Massachusetts
Billerica is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 40,243 according to the 2010 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Billerica town, Middlesex County, Massachusetts )〕 It borrows its name from the town of Billericay in Essex, England.
== History ==
In the early 1630s, a Praying Indian village named Shawshin was at the current site of Billerica.〔Hobson, Archie. ''Cambridge Gazeteer of the United States and Canada''. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995) p. 62〕
In 1638, Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop and Lt. Governor Thomas Dudley were granted land along the Concord River in the wilderness which was called Shawshin by the local Native Americans. (Today, Shawshin is commonly spelled Shawsheen; see Shawsheen River.) Most of the settlement was to take place under the supervision of Cambridge; however, financial difficulties in the colony prevented this from taking place, and the issue of settling Shawshin continued to be deferred. Finally, in 1652, roughly a dozen families from Cambridge and Charlestown Village, later Woburn, had begun to occupy Shawshin as well.〔Hazen, Henry. ''History of Billerica''. (Boston: A. Williams and Co., 1883) p. 3-15〕
Wishing to replace the foreign-sounding Shawshin with a name more familiar, the settlers chose the name Billerica, likely because some of the families living in the settlement came originally from the town of Billericay in Essex, England. The town was incorporated as Billerica in 1655, on the same day as neighboring Chelmsford and nearby Groton. The original plantation of Billerica was divided up into four towns, Billerica, Bedford, Wilmington, and Tewksbury, sometime during the colonial era. The oldest remaining homestead in the town is the Manning Manse, built in 1696, and later the residence of William Manning (1747–1814), the author of "The Key of Libberty," a critique of Federalist policies. (The unusual spelling of liberty is Manning's own.)〔The Key of Libberty; Shewing the Causes Why a Free Government Has Always Failed, and a Remedy Against It...; With Notes and a Foreword By Samuel Eliot Morison; by William Manning (1922)〕 Other notable Revolutionary War era residents included Asa Pollard (1735–1775), the first soldier killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill, and Thomas Ditson (born 1741), who was tarred and feathered by the British in 1775 while on a visit to Boston. The song "Yankee Doodle" supposedly became a term of national pride instead of an insult because of this event.〔(The Billerica Colonial Minute Men ); ''The Thomas Ditson story''; retrieved on July 10, 2008〕 The town now celebrates "Yankee Doodle Weekend" every September.
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