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Bination
Bination, with reference to the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, is the offering up of the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass twice on the same day by the same celebrant.
==History==
It is believed by some〔Magani, L'Antica Liturgia Romana, Pt. I, p. 296, Pt. II, p. 187.〕 that even from Apostolic times private Masses were celebrated whenever convenient. Be this as it may, it is certain that in the first years of Christianity public Masses were offered on Sundays only; later, on Wednesdays and Fridays also.〔Tertullian, De Oratione, xiv.〕 To these three days Saturday was added, especially in the East.〔St. Basil, Ep. cclxxxix.〕 Augustine of Hippo, who died in 430, assures us〔Ep. liv.〕 that while, in his time, Mass was celebrated only on Sundays in some places, in others on Saturdays and Sundays, it was nevertheless in many places customary to have the Holy Sacrifice daily,〔Augustine, op. cit.〕 in Spain,〔Council of Toledo, year 400.〕 in Northern Italy,〔St. Ambrose, Sermo xxv.〕 in Constantinople,〔John Chrysostom, In Ep. ad Ephesios.〕 as well as elsewhere.
The daily Mass became universal about the close of the sixth century. It was not long before priests began to celebrate the Holy Sacrifice two, three or more times daily, according to their own desire, till canons〔Gratian, De Conseer., dist. I, can. liii.〕 imposed a limit. Pope Alexander II (d. 1073) decreed that a priest should be content with saying Mass once a day, unless it should be necessary to offer a second - never more - for the dead. Notwithstanding this legislation, the practice continued of celebrating more often on some of the greater feasts: thus on 1 January one Mass was said of the Octave of the Nativity of Christ, another in honour of the Blessed Virgin; three Masses were said by bishops on Holy Thursday, in one of which sinners were reconciled to the Church, a second for the Consecration of the Oils, and a third in keeping with the feast; two Masses were said on the Vigil of the Ascension, as well as on the feast itself; three Masses were celebrated on Easter, and three also on the Nativity of St. John Baptist. On the feast of Sts. Peter and Paul the pope said one Mass in the basilica of St. Peter and a second in that of St. Paul. Finally, abolishing all these customs, Pope Innocent III (d. 1216) prescribed that a simple priest should say but one Mass daily, except on Christmas, when he might offer the Holy Sacrifice three times; while Pope Honorius III (d. 1227) extended this legislation to all dignitaries. This then is the discipline of both the Eastern and Western Churches.
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