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Bipalium
''Bipalium'' is a genus of large predatory land planarians. They are often loosely called "hammerhead worms" or "broadhead planarians" because of the distinctive shape of their head region. Land planarians are unique in that they possess a "creeping sole" on their ventral side.〔Curtis, S.K., R.R. Cowden, J.D. Moore, and J.L. Robertson. 1983. Histochemical and ultrastructural features of the epidermis of land planarian ''Bipalium adventitium''. J. of Morphology 175: 171-194.〕 Several species are considered as invasive to the United States〔Ogren, R.E. 1985. The human factor in the spread of an exotic land planarian in Pennsylvania. Proc. of the Penn. Acad. of Sci. 59: 117-118.〕 and to Europe.〔Filella-Subira, E. (1983). «Nota sobre la presència de la planària terrestre ''Bipalium kewense'' Moseley, 1878 a Catalunya». Butll. Inst. Cat. Hist. Nat., 49: 151〕 Some studies have begun the investigation of the evolutionary ecology of these invasive planarians.
== Feeding habits ==
''Bipalium'' species are predatory. Some species prey on earthworms, while others may also feed on mollusks.〔 It has been shown that these flatworms can track their prey. When captured, earthworms will begin to react to the attack, but a flatworm uses the muscles in its body as well as sticky secretions to attach itself to the earthworm to prevent escape. Several studies have indicated that the planarians will cover, or cap the prostomium, peristomium and anterior end to stop the violent reaction by the earthworm.
To feed on their prey, species of ''Bipalium'' often evert their pharynx from their mouth, located on the mid-ventral portion of the body, and secrete enzymes that begin the digestion of the prey. The liquefied tissues are sucked into the branching gut of the flatworm by ciliary action.〔Dindal, D.L. 1970. Feeding behavior of a terrestrial turbellarian ''Bipalium adventitium''. The American Midland Naturalist 83(2): 635-637.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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