|
The Birla family is a family connected with the industrial and social history of India.〔http://www.adityabirla.com〕〔(CK Birla Group - US$1.6 billion diversified conglomerate that has a history of enduring relationships with renowned global companies )〕〔(Yash Birla's business comes under stress | Business Standard )〕 The main branch of the Birla family are descendants of Seth Shobharam, grandson of Seth Bhudharmal a member of the Maheshwari Marwari community from Pilani in the westerly state of Rajasthan . Shiv Narain (1840–1909) was the son of Shobharam.〔Maheshwari Jati Ka Itihas, Maheshwari History Office, Bhanpura, Birla, June 1940, p. 183–190〕〔( Brushes With History, Krishna Kumar Birla, Penguin UK, 2009 )〕 Shiv Narain Birla, traded in cotton and laid the foundation of the family's future business success by moving to Bombay in 1863 and establishing Shivnarayan Baldevdas a trading house in Bombay in 1884. His son, Baldeo Das Birla moved to Calcutta set up Baldevdas Jugalkishor in 1887. Baldeo Das was succeeded by four sons – Jugal Kishore, Rameshwar Das, Ghanshyam Das and Braj Mohan.〔(The Birla Family Crisis - Case Studies, Case Study in Business, Management|Case Studies )〕〔(Battle for Billions: Birlas vs Lodhas : The Big Story – India Today )〕〔(What keeps the Marwaris thriving? – The Times of India )〕 Baldeo Das was awarded the Raibahadur title in 1917. In 1920 he retired from business and started living in Banares pursuing religious studies. In 1925 he was awarded the title of "Raja" by the government of Bihar and Orissa.〔Industrial Entreprenuership of Shekhawati Marwaris, D.K. Taknet, Kumar Prakashan, Jaipur, 1987, p. 41〕He was awarded D. Litt. by Beneras Hindu University. Ghanshyam Das Birla laid the foundation of the his industrial empire by establishing GM Birla Company, trading in jute, in 1911. The First World War began in 1914 greatly increasing the demand for jute sacks. It is estimated that during the war, the Birla worth rose from Rs 20 lakh to 80 Lakh.〔( India's Industrialists, Volume 1, Margaret Herdeck, Gita Piramal, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1985 p. 63 )〕 In 1919 he became among the first group of Indian entrepreneurs to become owner of a Jute mill named Birla Jute.〔( 'Family' spirit and frugality help the Birlas keep pace with changing times, ET Bureau, September 5, 2014 )〕 In the next few years he acquired several cotton mills. He later started several sugar mills. The publication Hindustan Times was co-founded by GD Birla in 1924 and fully acquired it in 1933. Hindustan Motors was started in 1942. After India's independence in 1947 he stated Grasim (Gwalior Rayon Silk Manufacturing, 1948) and Hindalco (Hindustan Aluminium Company 1958) among others. Baldeo Das as well his sons were among the key supporters of the swaraj movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, in addition to being dedicated Hindu activists. They were active supporters of the Banaras Hindu University founded by Pt. Madan Mohan Malaviya and were also financial supporters of activities initiated by Mahatma Gandhi.〔Business Legends, Gita Piramal, Penguin UK, Dec 1, 2010〕 Mahatma Gandhi was requested to inaugurate the landmark Laxminarayan Temple in Delhi, and as asked by Gandhi, all Hindus, including harijans were welcomed. In the few decades before India's independence, Indian merchants, including the Birlas, made successful attempts to enter and acquire industries in India which were once dominated by Scots from Britain.〔(BRITISH INVESTORS SEE PERIL IN INDIA; Managing Agents Fear Loss of Immense Profits on Half of Country's Industries NATIVES SEEK BUSINESSES Huge Sterling Credits Already Available to Buy Out the Foreign Companies, HERBERT L. MATTHEWS, THE NEW YORK TIMES. January 02, 1943 )〕 This became a part of Mahatma Gandhi's Swadeshi movement. Birlas remained close to some of the leaders of India, like Sardar Patel after India's independence.〔Debajyoti Burman, Mystery of Birla House, Jugabani Hahitya Chakara, 3rd reprint 1951, P. 111〕 As leading industrialists, they were often accused by the leftists of exploiting their workers and aspiring to be among the richest in the world. Still when E. M. S. Namboodiripad became the chief minister of Kerala (1957–59), as a result of the first elected Marxist government anywhere, Birlas were invited to establish a pulp factory there.〔Phrases And Facts: About Kerala, PARTHA CHOUDHURI, Liberation, Vol. II, No.3 (January 1969).〕 In recent past, the Birlas, as well as several other Indian industrialists have expanded overseas. 〔( A crisis of leadership, GITA PIRAMAL, October 1999, FAMILY BUSINESS, a symposium on the role of the family in Indian business )〕 ==Family Tree of Male Members〔This follows the common conventions. KK Birla’s daughters Nandini Nopany, Jyotsna Poddar and Sobhana Bhartia, and BK Birla has two daughters, Manjushree Khaitan and Jayashree Mohta have inherited roles in some of their fathers' businesses or charities.〕〔(In a First, a Daughter’s Son Rises at Birla Abode, ANURADHA HIMATSINGKA, The Economic Times Mumbai, Jul 4, 2011 )〕== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Birla family」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|