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''Aristolochia'' is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the namesake (type genus) of the family (Aristolochiaceae). Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse climates. Some species, like ''A. utriformis'' and ''A. westlandii'', are threatened with extinction. ''Isotrema'' is usually included here, but might be a valid genus. If so, it contains those species with a three-lobed calyx. ==Description== ''Aristolochia'' is a genus of evergreen and deciduous woody vines and herbaceous perennials. The smooth stem is erect or somewhat twining. The simple leaves are alternate and cordate, membranous, growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules. The flowers grow in the leaf axils. They are inflated and globose at the base, continuing as a long perianth tube, ending in a tongue-shaped, brightly colored lobe. There is no corolla. The calyx is one to three whorled, and three to six toothed. The sepals are united (gamosepalous). There are six to 40 stamens in one whorl. They are united with the style, forming a gynostemium. The ovary is inferior and is four to six locular. These flowers have a specialized pollination mechanism. The plants are aromatic and their strong scent〔"sometimes with a very disagreeable odour" remarks the Royal Horticultural Society, ''Dictionary of Gardening''.〕 attracts insects. The inner part of the perianth tube is covered with hairs, acting as a fly-trap. These hairs then wither to release the fly, covered with pollen. The fruit is dehiscent capsule with many endospermic seeds. The common names "Dutchman's pipe" and "pipevine" (e.g. common pipevine, ''A. durior'') are an allusion to old-fashioned meerschaum pipes at one time common in the Netherlands and northern Germany. "Birthwort" (e.g. European birthwort ''A. clematitis'') refers to these species' flower shape, resembling a birth canal. The scientific name ''Aristolochia'' was developed from Ancient Greek ''aristos'' (''άριστος'') "best" + ''locheia'' (''λοχεία''), "childbirth" or "childbed,", relating to its known ancient use in childbirth.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jepson Manual: ''Aristolochia'' )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Missouri Botanical Garden )〕 The Roman orator Cicero records a different tradition, that the plant was named for the otherwise unknown individual with the common Greek name Aristolochos, who had learned from a dream that it was an antidote for snake bites.〔Cicero, ''On Divination'' 1.10.16〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aristolochia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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