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Bishnupriya Manipuri language
The Bishnupriya or Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPM) () is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of the Indian states of Assam, Tripura and others, as well as in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh, Burma, and other countries. It is written in the Bishnupriya Manipuri Script , it almost similar with bengali and assamese scripts. Modern Bengali is away from ৱ ('wo-bo') that we use like that of modern Assamese and use র ('ro') as is also available in Bengali which is alien to Assamese. Pronunciation is very close to that of the Bengali alphabet.
==History and development==
Bishnupriya Manipuri is spoken in parts of Assam and Tripura in India, in the Sylhet region of Bangladesh, Burma, and in several other countries. It is different from many Indo-Aryan languages like Bengali, Assamese, Odia, etc. The language originated and developed in Manipur and was originally confined to the surroundings of the Loktak Lake.〔"Mayang, one of the languages spoken in the polyglot state of Manipur, may, however, be classed as a dialect of this language." – Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol I, p.378 1907〕 Other authorities such as ''An account of the valley of Manipore'' by Col. McCullock,〔"They (Mayangs) amongst themselves speak their own language, which is a dialact of Hindee" – An Account of the Valley of Manipore by McCullock, 1849.〕 ''Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal'' by E. T. Dalton〔"The present population of Manipur includes a tribe called Meiun who speak a language of Sanskrit derivation. They are now in a servile condition performing the duties of grass-cutters to their conquerors." – Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal by T.T. Dalton, 1872, page 48,49.〕 and the ''Linguistic Survey of India'' by George Abraham Grierson〔"A tribe known as Mayang speaks a mongrel form of Assamese known by the same name… They are also known as 'Bishnupuriya Manipuris' or 'Kalisa Manipuris' " – Linguistic Survey of India, 1891. Compiled by Sir George Abraham Grierson, Vol V, page 419.〕 mention that the language was in existence in Manipur before the 19th century. Dr. Grierson refers to the language as "Bishnupuriya Manipuri", while some other writers call it simply "Bishnupriya".
A great majority of speakers of BPM fled from Manipur and took refuge in Assam, Tripura, Sylhet and Cachar during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries because of internal conflicts among the princes of Manipur and because of Burmese attack. Consequently, it was difficult for the small number of Bishnupriyas who remained in Manipur to retain their language in the face of the impact of Meitei, although in 1891 Dr. G.A. Grierson found the existence of a considerable number of speakers in two or three villages near Bishnupur, locally known as Lamangdong.〔Supplement 'Mayang', Linguistic Survey of India, 1891. Compiled by Sir G. A. Grierson, Vol V, page 419〕 The language slowly started losing its ground in Manipur against a vast majority of Meiteis and is slowly facing its decay in Cachar and Bangladesh against a vast majority of Bengali-speakers. This language is still being spoken in Jiribam (a sub-division of Manipur),〔(E-pao.net )〕 Cachar (a district of Assam) and in some pockets in Bangladesh and Tripura.
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