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Ethiopian aristocratic and court titles
Until the end of the Ethiopian monarchy in 1974, there were two categories of nobility in Ethiopia. The Mesafint ( , modern , singular , modern , "prince"), the hereditary nobility, formed the upper echelon of the ruling class. The Mekwanint (, modern singular , modern or (アムハラ語:መኮንን) , "governor") were the appointed nobles, often of humble birth, who formed the bulk of the nobility. Until the 20th century, the most powerful people at court were generally members of the ''Mekwanint'' appointed by the monarch, while regionally, the ''Mesafint'' enjoyed greater influence and power. Emperor Haile Selassie greatly curtailed the power of the ''Mesafint'' to the benefit of the ''Mekwanint'', who by then were essentially coterminous with the Ethiopian government.
The ''Mekwanint'' were officials who had been granted specific offices in the government or court. Higher ranks from the title of ''Ras'' through to ''Balambaras'' were also bestowed upon members of the ''Mekwanint''. A member of the ''Mesafint'', however, would traditionally be given precedence over a member of the ''Mekwanint'' of the same rank. For example, ''Ras'' Mengesha Yohannes, son of Emperor Yohannes IV and thus a member of the ''Mesafint'', would have outranked ''Ras'' Alula Engida, who was of humble birth and therefore a member of the ''Mekwanint'', even though their ranks were equal.
There were also parallel rules of precedence, primarily seniority based on age, on offices held, and on when they each obtained their titles, which made the rules for precedence rather complex. Combined with the ambiguous position of titled heirs of members of the ''Mekwanint'', Emperor Haile Selassie, as part of his program of modernising reforms, and in line with his aims of centralising power away from the ''Mesafint'' replaced the traditional system of precedence with a simplified, Western-inspired system that gave precedence by rank, and then by seniority based when the title had been assumed irrespective of how the title was acquired.〔
==Imperial and royal titles==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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